Control and intake of pesticide residues during 1981–1993 in Finland

Abstract

The use of pesticides has been monitored on the basis of sales statistics since 1953 in Finland and the information has been used for targeting the official food control to products where pesticides are mostly used. Food consumption and the earlier control results were also taken into account. The intake of pesticides has been estimated based on the control analysis and statistical food consumption data, where also the ratio of imports was taken into account. The samples were taken by food control authorities and analysed separately. In spite of slight bias owing to sampling for control purposes, the results are representative of the products consumed. The intake estimation method has been classified in the group Estimated Daily Intake (EDI). The intakes of a total of the 53 most commonly found pesticides were estimated. The intakes of the evaluated pesticides were below 2% of ADIs. The average daily intake was 75 micrograms per person in 1992 mainly from imported products, only 24% initiating from domestic products. The intake of pesticides from domestic vegetables, fruits and berries has been evaluated three times during 1977-1993. The daily intake of pesticide residues from these products has decreased from 16.9 micrograms to 3.7 micrograms. The intensive food control has decreased offences against the regulations. The method used seems to be suitable for the longterm monitoring. The average intake of pesticides is at a low level compared with the Acceptable Daily Intakes, thus further estimations by more defined methods are not necessarily needed. The advantage of the method adopted is that residue data can also be used to make more accurate Measured Daily Intake estimates for risk groups such as children and vegetarians.

Current internal exposure to pesticides in children and adolescents in Germany: urinary levels of metabolites of pyrethroid and organophosphorus insecticides

“…The resulting exposure of the general population to pyrethroids is expected to be low, but precise data in the form of total-diet studies are lacking (WHO 1990). For organophosphorus acids, however, exposure data have been published (estimations): in Italy 67 lg, in Finland 7 lg, and in the USA approximately 5-10 lg of organophosphorus insecticides are consumed per day (Gunderson 1995;Leoni et al 1995;Penttila¨and Siivinen 1996;Yess 1991), with a dietary chlorpyrifos exposure of 0.8 lg/day and, in some cases, up to 6 lg/day in the USA (Macintosh et al 1996). Comparative data for Germany are lacking, but dietary intake of pesticides may be assumed to be in the same range because residue monitoring in food showed comparable results.…”

Determination of Some Chlorinated Organic Pollutants in Plants and Soil Samples from Kosovo

“…It is widely accepted that these pollutants will be present in food for many years to come (Lazaro et al, 1996). Great concern was caused by chlorinated compounds, which proved to be extremely persistent in the environment and accumulative in the food chain (Penttila & Siivinen, 1996;WHO & FAO 1983;Wilhelm et al, 2002). The application of DDT and many other chlorinated pesticides has been banned in most countries since the The present study presents the data obtained for organochlorinated pesticides and PCB in the 4 stations near Peja, Kosovo in July 2015.…”

“…In general, pesticide adsorption relates inversely to pesticide solubility in water. Highly soluble pesticides are weakly adsorbed and pose a greater threat of groundwater contamination (Penttila and Siivinen, 1996).…”

Innere Belastung der Allgemeinbev�lkerung in Deutschland mit Organophosphaten und Referenzwerte f�r die Organophosphatmetabolite DMP, DMTP und DEP im Urin

“…Für die Allgemeinbevölkerung erfolgt die Zufuhr von Organophosphaten hauptsächlich über Rückstände auf oder in der Nahrung; die tägliche Organophosphataufnahme der Allgemeinbevöl-kerung wurde in den USA auf 5-10 µg [12,13], in Finnland auf 7 µg [14] und in Italien auf 67 µg geschätzt [15].…”