Control centers in the central nervous system for regulating gastrointestinal motility

Gillis, Richard A.; Quest, John A.; Pagani, Francis D.; Norman, Wesley P.

doi:10.1002/cphy.cp060117

Cited by 59 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 301 publications

(178 reference statements)

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“…Jean and his associates found that a dorsal medullary region (later identified through anatomical studies as the NSTc by Ross, 1981) and a ventral medullary region (later identified as the compact formation of the nucleus ambiguus; Gillis et al 1989;Bieger, 1993) were both activated during autonomous swallowing behaviours and following electrical stimulation of the superior laryngeal nerve (Jean, 1972(Jean, , 1984Bieger, 1993). …”

Section: Nstc Responses To Oesophageal Distensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, neurones in the anterior and medial DMN subdivision tend to be inhibited by oesophageal distension. This portion of the DMN is likely to be the site for cholionergic pathway neurones which, when activated, excite the stomach (Gillis et al 1989;McCann & Rogers, 1992). The relationship between the NSTc and the NA has been rigorously investigated using a variety of physiological and anatomical techniques (Beiger & Hopkins, 1987;Altschuler et al 1989;Hayakawa et al 1997 …”

Section: Intramedullary Connections Of Physiologically Identified Nstmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brainstem pathways responsible for oesophageal control of gastric motility and tone in the rat

Rogers

Hermann

Travagli

1999

The Journal of Physiology

127

169

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It has long been known that the oesophageal distension produced by swallowing elicits a powerful proximal gastric relaxation (Cannon & Leib, 1911). This reflex was termed the 'receptive relaxation reflex' and is an important mechanism which increases gastric volume and reduces intragastric pressure to ensure that swallowed food is efficiently transported to the stomach. Results from several laboratories (Abrahamsson & Jansson, 1969;Jansson, 1969;Miolan & Roman, 1984;Sengupta et al. 1989) have shown that this potent gastroinhibition results from stimulation of low threshold mechanoreceptive afferents of the vagus nerve, and that the reflex requires intact vagal connections between the brainstem, oesophagus and stomach. Recent tract-tracing techniques have shown that vagal afferents from the upper alimentary canal, including the oesophagus, are viscerotopically represented within the nucleus of the solitary tract. In particular, oesophageal vagal afferents were found to terminate specifically within the central

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Section: Nstc Responses To Oesophageal Distensionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Intramedullary Connections Of Physiologically Identified Nstmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brainstem pathways responsible for oesophageal control of gastric motility and tone in the rat

Rogers

Hermann

Travagli

1999

The Journal of Physiology

127

169

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Long fibers can lead the transmission from NTS to thalamus and hypothalamus, limbic cortex and insula. The motor nuclei of the vagus are related with brain areas such as the area postrema, hypothalamus, orbitofrontal and anterior cingulate cortices [6]. This hierarchical and branched organization allows not only the start of visceral reflexes, but also the simultaneous participation of the cardiovascular and respiratory system in the course of autonomic responses.…”

Section: The Brain-gut Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Noradrenergic postganglionic fibers innervate ganglia of the myenteric plexus by inhibiting the release of acetylcholine from myenteric and submucosal neurons, thereby reducing peristalsis. Either inhibitory reflexes and CNS modulation occur at this level as well (e.g., the hypothalamic stimulation increases whereas the orbital and cingulate cortex activation inhibits colonic motility) [6].…”

Section: The Brain-gut Axismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Brain-Gut Axis: From Pathophysiology to Possible Future Strategies of Treatment

Vigneri¹

2014

Brain Disord Ther

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The enteric nervous system (ENS) controls and modulates various functions of the digestive tract such as motility, exocrine and endocrine secretion, local microcirculation, inflammation and neuroimmunity. This system is autonomous from the central nervous system (CNS), although they share many neurons and neurotransmitters. The CNS may exert a modulatory role on ENS through brainstem and subcortical areas, peripheral and autonomic fibers. The brain-gut axis is the complex system regulating the interactions and mutual influences between the nervous system and the gut. This axis is divided into various levels through receptors, afferents, integration centers, efferents and effectors, and exploits multiple messengers belonging to the nervous, immune and endocrine systems. The proper functioning of this apparatus is essential in intestinal physiology, its involvement has been recognized as one of the leading pathophysiological basis of many digestive disorders and a target for current and future therapeutical approaches.

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“…3 In the brain, NPY immunoreactive nerve fibers and terminals and NPY receptors are localized in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the dorsal vagal complex (DVC), including the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMN) and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST), [4][5][6] which are important sites for the autonomic nervous regulation of gastrointestinal function. 7 Central administration of NPY affects several physiological functions. 8 With respect to the gastrointestinal system, central injection of NPY modifies gastric and pancreatic secretion in animal models.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuropeptide Y stimulates bile secretion via Y1 receptor in the left dorsal vagal complex in rats

et al. 1998

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Neuropeptide Y (NPY), a 36-amino acid peptide, was first isolated from porcine brain and is the member of a family of structurally related peptides that includes peptide YY (PYY) and pancreatic polypeptide. 1,2 NPY is localized in the central nervous system, as well as the peripheral nervous system. 3 In the brain, NPY immunoreactive nerve fibers and terminals and NPY receptors are localized in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the dorsal vagal complex (DVC), including the dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus (DMN) and the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST), 4-6 which are important sites for the autonomic nervous regulation of gastrointestinal function. 7 Central administration of NPY affects several physiological functions. 8 With respect to the gastrointestinal system, central injection of NPY modifies gastric and pancreatic secretion in animal models. 9,10 Recently, Farouk et al. observed that intracerebroventricular injection of NPY stimulates bile acid-independent bile secretion through vagal pathways in rats and dogs, 11 and we have confirmed this effect by intracisternal injection of NPY in rats. 12 Moreover, we have found very recently that the left vagal complex is the specific brain site of action for NPY to induce bile stimulation. 13 It is now generally accepted on the basis of functional and ligand binding studies that NPY binds to and activates six different receptor subtypes, designated Y1, 2, 3, 4 (PP receptor), 5, and 6. 14-18 Y1 receptors exhibit similar affinity for NPY, PYY and [Leu 31 , Pro 34 ]NPY analog, and poor affinity for the C-terminal fragments of NPY/PYY, while Y2 receptors display affinity for NPY/PYY and C-terminal fragments of the peptides but not to the Y1 and 3 selective agonist, [Leu 31 , Pro 34 ]NPY. 14,19-23 PYY has been suggested to have high affinity for Y1 and 2 receptors, and less affinity for Y3 receptors. 14,20,24 Although Y1 receptors were suggested as postsynaptic and Y2 receptors as presynaptic, 25 later studies demonstrated that Y2 receptors are also localized presynaptically. 26 Both Y1 and Y2 receptors are localized in the DVC, 27 which has been identified as the specific brain site for NPY to stimulate bile secretion. 13 Peripherally released PYY binds to the DVC, 28 and microinjection of PYY into the DVC modified gastrointestinal functions. 29,30 The identity of the receptor subtype for NPY in the medulla that mediates the stimulation of bile acid-independent and bicarbonate-dependent bile secretion remains to be established. The present studies were performed to address this question by examining the effect of microinjection of NPY and NPY analogs into the DVC on bile secretion in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Animals.Male Wistar rats weighing 270 to 330 g (Charles River Japan Inc., Yokohama, Japan) were housed in group cages under conditions of controlled temperature (22-24°C) and illumination (12-hour light cycle starting at 8 AM) for at least 7 days before the experiments. Animals were maintained on laboratory chow and tap water. Experiments w...

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Control centers in the central nervous system for regulating gastrointestinal motility

Cited by 59 publications

References 301 publications

Brainstem pathways responsible for oesophageal control of gastric motility and tone in the rat

Brainstem pathways responsible for oesophageal control of gastric motility and tone in the rat

The Brain-Gut Axis: From Pathophysiology to Possible Future Strategies of Treatment

Neuropeptide Y stimulates bile secretion via Y1 receptor in the left dorsal vagal complex in rats

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