Control of amorphous solid water target morphology induced by deposition on a charged surface

Bespaly, Alexander; Dey, Indranuj; Papeer, J.; Shaham, Assaf; Komm, Pavel; Hadad, Ibrahim; Marcus, Gilad; Zigler, A.

doi:10.1017/hpl.2021.24

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…However, even if counter-intuitive, this effect may be used to the advantage of a study. The most recent example is the study of the growth of amorphous solid water (ASW) on the electrically charged surface of sapphire, used as a source to charge the electrons coming out from the gun of the scanning electron microscope [ 116 ]. After the charging of the selected area in a high vacuum mode at a low temperature, the authors switch to the low vacuum mode with water vapor as a gas environment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying Ice with Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy

Pach

Verdaguer

2021

Molecules

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Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) is a powerful imaging technique able to obtain astonishing images of the micro- and the nano-world. Unfortunately, the technique has been limited to vacuum conditions for many years. In the last decades, the ability to introduce water vapor into the SEM chamber and still collect the electrons by the detector, combined with the temperature control of the sample, has enabled the study of ice at nanoscale. Astounding images of hexagonal ice crystals suddenly became real. Since these first images were produced, several studies have been focusing their interest on using SEM to study ice nucleation, morphology, thaw, etc. In this paper, we want to review the different investigations devoted to this goal that have been conducted in recent years in the literature and the kind of information, beyond images, that was obtained. We focus our attention on studies trying to clarify the mechanisms of ice nucleation and those devoted to the study of ice dynamics. We also discuss these findings to elucidate the present and future of SEM applied to this field.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Studying Ice with Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy

Pach

Verdaguer

2021

Molecules

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“…However, in such a CSA process, the efficiency of laser-particle energy conversion and the temperature of hot electrons are low owing to the use of planar foils, which inevitably affect the shock velocity and energy of the accelerated spin-polarized protons [26]. Alternatively, another feasible method for enhancing the conversion efficiency and electron temperature involves the use of microstructured targets (MSTs) instead of planar ones; these targets can be realized by depositing a layer of micrometer spheres [27][28][29] or highly ordered silicon microwire arrays (MWA) [30][31][32] in front of the planar foils. The efficiency of laser energy conversion and electron temperature can be affected by the shapes and sizes of microstructures [33][34][35][36][37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhanced polarized proton acceleration driven by femtosecond laser pulses irradiating a micro-structured solid–gas target

Yan¹,

Wu²,

Geng³

et al. 2023

Plasma Phys. Control. Fusion

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Herein, we propose a scheme based on collision-less shock acceleration (CSA) involving the use of composite targets comprising a micro-structured foil and pre-polarized gas for obtaining high-energy polarized proton beams. Femtosecond laser pulses irradiate a microwire-array (MWA) target and efficiently heat the dense plasma, which moves toward the dilute plasma. Shocks are then introduced in the pre-polarized gas and accelerate upstream spin-polarized protons to relativistic velocities. Based on particle-in-cell simulations with added spin dynamics, protons with energies of 30–300 MeV are produced, and the polarization rate of protons in the high-energy region exceeds 90%. The simulations demonstrate an evident increase in the temperature and number of hot electrons owing to the presence of MWA structures, which increase both the longitudinal electric field strength associated with the shock and the energy of the reflected protons. During CSA, the bipolar magnetic field driven by hot-electron currents demonstrates a weak effect on the polarization level of the accelerated protons, resulting in a high polarization rate. The relationship between the energy of the polarized proton beam and the hot-electron temperature enables an optimization of the micro-structured target or other target components to enhance proton quality via the CSA process.

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High Efficiency Flexible Control of Wave Beams Based on Addition and Subtraction Operations on All Dielectric Reflection Metasurfaces

Fang

Chen

et al. 2022

IEEE Sensors J.

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Control of amorphous solid water target morphology induced by deposition on a charged surface

Cited by 3 publications

References 27 publications

Studying Ice with Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy

Studying Ice with Environmental Scanning Electron Microscopy

Enhanced polarized proton acceleration driven by femtosecond laser pulses irradiating a micro-structured solid–gas target

High Efficiency Flexible Control of Wave Beams Based on Addition and Subtraction Operations on All Dielectric Reflection Metasurfaces

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