Control of Carbon Fixation in Chloroplasts

Gontero, Brigitte; Avilán, Luisana; Lebreton, Sandrine

doi:10.1002/9780470988640.ch7

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 186 publications

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“…In chloroplasts from Embryophyta, dark-to-light transitions are accompanied by a shift of the chloroplast internal pH from 7 in the dark to 8 in the light (Werdan and Heldt, 1973;Hauser et al, 1995). These changes directly regulate photosynthesis since many key chloroplastic enzymes have optimal activity at pH 8 and are much less active at pH 7 [reviewed in Gontero et al (2007)]. In diatoms, pH responses have mainly been studied for external/environmental, rather than internal, pH.…”

Section: Regulation By Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Carbon Metabolism by Environmental Conditions: A Perspective From Diatoms and Other Chromalveolates

et al. 2020

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Diatoms belong to a major, diverse and species-rich eukaryotic clade, the Heterokonta, within the polyphyletic chromalveolates. They evolved as a result of secondary endosymbiosis with one or more Plantae ancestors, but their precise evolutionary history is enigmatic. Nevertheless, this has conferred them with unique structural and biochemical properties that have allowed them to flourish in a wide range of different environments and cope with highly variable conditions. We review the effect of pH, light and dark, and CO 2 concentration on the regulation of carbon uptake and assimilation. We discuss the regulation of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle, glycolysis, lipid synthesis, and carbohydrate synthesis at the level of gene transcripts (transcriptomics), proteins (proteomics) and enzyme activity. In contrast to Viridiplantae where redox regulation of metabolic enzymes is important, it appears to be less common in diatoms, based on the current evidence, but regulation at the transcriptional level seems to be widespread. The role of post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, glutathionylation, etc., and of protein-protein interactions, has been overlooked and should be investigated further. Diatoms and other chromalveolates are understudied compared to the Viridiplantae, especially given their ecological importance, but we believe that the ever-growing number of sequenced genomes combined with proteomics, metabolomics, enzyme measurements, and the application of novel techniques will provide a better understanding of how this important group of algae maintain their productivity under changing conditions.

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Section: Regulation By Phmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Carbon Metabolism by Environmental Conditions: A Perspective From Diatoms and Other Chromalveolates

et al. 2020

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“…Additionally, the emerging view of the chloroplast lumen, in which proteins are tightly packed, suggests that for pathways to operate at the flux rates observed, some co‐operativity including substrate channelling must operate. Indeed, some evidence for both the Calvin cycle and fatty acid biosynthesis has been reported [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex formation between recombinant ATP sulfurylase and APS reductase of Allium cepa (L.)

et al. 2007

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Recombinant ATP sulfurylase (AcATPS1) and adenosine-5 0 -phosphosulfate reductase (AcAPR1) from Allium cepa have been used to determine if these enzymes form protein-protein complexes in vitro. Using a solid phase binding assay, AcAPR1 was shown to interact with AcATPS1. The AcAPR1 enzyme was also expressed in E. coli as the N-terminal reductase domain (AcAPR1-N) and the C-terminal glutaredoxin domain (AcAPR1-C), but neither of these truncated proteins interacted with AcATPS1. The solid-phase interactions were confirmed by immune-precipitation, where anti-AcATPS1 IgG precipitated the full-length AcAPR1 protein, but not AcAPR1-N and AcAPR1-C. Finally, using the ligand binding assay, full-length AcATPS1 has been shown to bind to membrane-localised fulllength AcAPR1. The significance of an interaction between chloroplastidic ATPS and APR in A. cepa is evaluated with respect to the control of the reductive assimilation of sulfate.

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“…saccharophila strain during dark cultivation, plastid transketolase (TK) was found to be 68 times more abundant than in the Z strain. The transketolase plays a strategic role in carbohydrate metabolism, catalyzing reversible conversions of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate into xylulose-5-phosphate and erythrose-4-phosphate, both of which are substrates for enzymes in the glycolysis/gluconeogenesis pathways (Gontero et al 2007). Moreover, TK was found to limit the maximum rate of photosynthesis and growth through regulation of carbon allocation (Henkes et al 2001, Gontero et al 2007, Khozaei et al 2015.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparative assessment of the Euglena gracilis var. saccharophila variant strain as a producer of the β‐1,3‐glucan paramylon under varying light conditions

Sun

Hasan

Hobba

et al. 2018

Journal of Phycology

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Euglena gracilis Z and a "sugar loving" variant strain E. gracilis var. saccharophila were investigated as producers of paramylon, a β-1,3-glucan polysaccharide with potential medicinal and industrial applications. The strains were grown under diurnal or dark growth conditions on a glucose-yeast extract medium supporting high-level paramylon production. Both strains produced the highest paramylon yields (7.4-8 g · L , respectively) while grown in the dark, but the maximum yield was achieved faster by E. gracilis var. saccharophila (48 h vs. 72 h). The glucose-to-paramylon yield coefficient Y = 0.46 ± 0.03 in the E. gracilis var. saccharophila cultivation, obtained in this study, is the highest reported to date. Proteomic analysis of the metabolic pathways provided molecular clues for the strain behavior observed during cultivation. For example, overexpression of enzymes in the gluconeogenesis/glycolysis pathways including fructokinase-1 and chloroplastic fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase (FBP) may have contributed to the faster rate of paramylon accumulation in E. gracilis var. saccharophila. Differentially expressed proteins in the early steps of chloroplastogenesis pathway including plastid uroporphyrinogen decarboxylases, photoreceptors, and a highly abundant (68-fold increase) plastid transketolase may have provided the E. gracilis var. saccharophila strain an advantage in paramylon production during diurnal cultivations. In conclusion, the variant strain E. gracilis var. saccharophila seems to be well suited for producing large amounts of paramylon. This work has also resulted in the identification of molecular targets for future improvement of paramylon production in E. gracilis, including the FBP and phosophofructokinase 1, the latter being a key regulator of glycolysis.

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Control of Carbon Fixation in Chloroplasts

Cited by 8 publications

References 186 publications

Regulation of Carbon Metabolism by Environmental Conditions: A Perspective From Diatoms and Other Chromalveolates

Regulation of Carbon Metabolism by Environmental Conditions: A Perspective From Diatoms and Other Chromalveolates

Complex formation between recombinant ATP sulfurylase and APS reductase of Allium cepa (L.)

Comparative assessment of the Euglena gracilis var. saccharophila variant strain as a producer of the β‐1,3‐glucan paramylon under varying light conditions

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