Control of Citrus Post-harvest Green Molds, Blue Molds, and Sour Rot by the Cecropin A-Melittin Hybrid Peptide BP21

Wang, Wenjun; Liu, Sha; Deng, Lili; Ming, Jian; Yao, Shixiang; Zeng, Kaifang

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02455

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Setiap ion mempunyai laju yang berbeda-berbeda. Penyebab ion-ion bergerak inilah yang memiliki konduktivitas molar (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10) yang berbeda, serta sebab konduktivitas molar elektrolit kuat berkurang dengan akar konsentrasi.…”

Section: Pergerakan Molekul Ag2so4unclassified

“…Perak Sulfat (Ag2SO4) (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) memiliki konduktivitas (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10) . Besarnya nilai konduktivitas (1-10) ditentukan oleh konsentrasi elektrolit.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…Secara termokimia, perak sulfat (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) memiliki entalpi pembentukan standar, ΔfHo298 -715 kJ/mol dan entropi molar standar, So298 16,74 kJ/mol. Perak sulfat (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) tidak mudah terbakar.Perak Sulfat (Ag2SO4) (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) memiliki konduktivitas (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10) . Besarnya nilai konduktivitas (1-10) ditentukan oleh konsentrasi elektrolit.…”

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SILVER SULFATE (Ag2SO4): MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND ION TRANSPORT

Yurmaniati¹,

Zainul²

2018

Preprint

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Abstrak Perak sulfat merupakan garam anorganik dengan rumus Ag2SO4. Perak sulfat ini termasuk dalam senyawa ionic karena terdapat ikatan antara logam perak dengan spesi non logam sulfat. Perak sulfat memiliki. berat molekul yaitu 311,799 gr/mol dengan tampilan kristal tidak berwarna dan tidak mudah terbakar. Senyawa ini digunakan dalam penyepuhan perak (silver plating) dan pengganti tanpa noda untuk perak nitrat. Perak Sulfat mengalami interaksi molekul dalam pelarut Air. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik molekul dan transpor ion Perak Sulfat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelusuran literatur dengan Endnote X7, pemodelan komputasi, dan perhitungan matematis. Data transpor ion Perak Sulfat yaitu dengan parameter konduktivitas, viskositas, mobilitas ion, dan daya hanyut menggunakan data hasil review beberapa jurnal penelitian yang berkaitan dengan Perak Sulfat sesuai tahapan pada fishbone. Secara termokimia, perak sulfat memiliki entalpi pembentukan standar, ΔfHo 298 -715 kJ/mol dan entropi molar standar, So298 16,74 kJ/mol. Kelarutan Perak Sulfat dalam air yaitu 0,79 gr/100 mL (20 o C) dan dapat larut juga dalam pelarut asam nitrat. Hasil penelitian konduktivitas larutan Ag2SO4 semakin meningkat seiring dengan kenaikan konsentrasi persen massa sesuai grafik hasil perhitungan. Energi optimasi MM2 Minimization, Optimasi MM2 Dynamics, dan Optimasi MM2 Properties berturut-turut yaitu 210. 2194 kcal/mol, 755. 377 kcal/mol, 216. 774 kcal/mol. Kecepatan hanyut molekul perak sulfat dengan potensial Ag2SO4 3,61 V dan jarak antara elektroda 1,5 cm yaitu 2, 407 V/cm. Kata kunci : Perak Sulfat, Interaksi molekul, Pemodelan I. IntroductionPerak sulfat (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) merupakan senyawa ion dari perak dengan rumus Ag2SO4, yang digunakan dalam penyepuhan perak (silver plating) dan pengganti tanpa noda untuk perak nitrat. Garam sulfat ini stabil di bawah kondisi penggunaan dan penyimpanan biasa, meskipun ia menjadi gelap pada pajanan terhadap udara atau cahaya. Perak Sulfat (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) mengalami interaksi molekul dalam pelarut Air. Berat molekul senyawa ini yaitu 311,799 gr/mol dengan tampilan kristal tidak berwarna. Kelarutannya dalam air 0,79 gr/100 mL (20 o C) dan dapat larut juga dalam pelarut asam nitrat. Secara termokimia, perak sulfat (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) memiliki entalpi pembentukan standar, ΔfHo298 -715 kJ/mol dan entropi molar standar, So298 16,74 kJ/mol. Perak sulfat (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) tidak mudah terbakar.Perak Sulfat (Ag2SO4) (11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22) memiliki konduktivitas (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10) . Besarnya nilai konduktivitas (1-10) ditentukan oleh konsentrasi elektrolit. Muatan dalam senyawa dapat dibawa dalam bentuk electron seperti logam atau biasanya digunakan ion positif dan ion negative seperti dalam larutan elektrolit dan leburan garam. Aliran listrik dapat ditemukan dalam suatu larutan karena terdapat di ...

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Section: Pergerakan Molekul Ag2so4unclassified

Section: Introductionunclassified

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SILVER SULFATE (Ag2SO4): MOLECULAR ANALYSIS AND ION TRANSPORT

Yurmaniati¹,

Zainul²

2018

Preprint

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“…The separation between the fresh and infected fruits should be based on the quantification to prevent from discarding good ones with only insignificant amount of the infection. This is why the harvested citrus fruits are going through some forms of chemical treatments to protect the fruit skins from the pathogen infection [17][18][19][20]. In addition to the chemical treatments, there are several other ways of treating the fruit surfaces: Covering the surface with plant extracts and essential oils, and exposing to hot water and ultraviolet light [21].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Lemon skin color changes with the increasing degree of the green mold pathogen infection. The lemons are more infected as the number increases: (1) healthy lemon,(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19) infected lemons of different degrees and(20) lemon covered completely with the green mold pathogen.…”

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confidence: 99%

Detecting Green Mold Pathogens on Lemons Using Hyperspectral Images

et al. 2020

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Hyperspectral images in the spectral wavelength range of 500 nm to 650 nm are used to detect green mold pathogens, which are parasitic on the surface of lemons. The images reveal that the spectral range of 500 nm to 560 nm is appropriate for detecting the early stage of development of the pathogen in the lemon, because the spectral intensity is proportional to the infection degree. Within the range, it was found that the dominant spectral wavelengths of the fresh lemon and the green mold pathogen are 580 nm and 550 nm, respectively, with the 550 nm being the most sensitive in detecting the pathogen with spectral imaging. The spectral intensity ratio of the infected lemon to the fresh one in the spectral range of 500 nm to 560 nm increases with the increasing degree of the infection. Therefore, the ratio can be used to effectively estimate the degree of lemons infecting by the green mold pathogens. It also shows that the sudden decrease of the spectral intensity corresponding to the dominant spectral wavelength of the fresh lemon, together with the neighboring spectral wavelengths can be used to classify fresh and contaminated lemons. The spectral intensity ratio of discriminating the fresh lemon from the infected one is calculated as 1.15. accumulated in the human body, the long-term exposure to them can induce damages to internal organs. Therefore, they are a significant threat to human health. In fact, it is known that more than a billion people suffer from the diseases, and more than 1.5 million people die each year by the diseases [7]. Among the fungi, the pathogen Penicillium digitatum (green mold) is the fungus that is dominantly found in the skins of citrus fruits, especially in lemons, and is very abundant in our environment [8,9]. The diseases in fruits outbreak when the biological pathogens infiltrate the fruits' surfaces. As a consequence, the fruits' skins change their colors, and other healthy fruits near the infected ones are contaminated. Thus, the infected fruits should be separated from the healthy ones. For this purpose, a quick and accurate method of identifying the infected fruits, i.e., inspecting the large amount of fruits in real-time and quantifying the degree of the infections should be devised. In this regard, the spectral imaging, which photographs an object or scene with the use of a spectral filter, has been recognized as a very promising inspection method of the qualities of agricultural products and foods [10][11][12][13][14][15][16]. This is because the imaging can reveal physical, chemical, geometrical, and optical parameters of the objects being inspected, whereas the spectroscopic method can provide the optical parameter only, because it can measure only the spectral intensity. However, the imaging has not been developed so far for the quantifying the degree of the infections. The separation between the fresh and infected fruits should be based on the quantification to prevent from discarding good ones with only insignificant amount of the infection. This is why the harvested ci...

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