Control of Early Blight of Tomato Caused by Alternaria Solani and Screening of Tomato Varieties against the Pathogen

Abstract

Introduction:Early blight is a common disease of tomato, which is caused by Alternaria solani. Objectives:This work was accompanied to find an alternative to chemical fungicides and to screen tomato varieties against Alternaria solani. Methods:The infected leaves were collected from five tomato fields of Shere-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka and were cultured for the identification of the infectious fungus and The phytobiocidal role of six plants against Alternaria solani was evaluated in vitro model. Results & Discussion:Alternaria solani was identified as the infectious fungus. The growth of the test fungi Trichoderma spp. viz., Trichoderma viride, T. harzianum collected form NAMDEC and Trichoderma sp collected from field of BCSIR was monitored as optimum P H . All the selected Trichoderma spp. were antagonistic to A. solani. Antagonistic capacity of the Trichoderma spp. was tested by dual culture, volatile as well as non-volatile method. It was observed, T. viride was most effective in the reduction process of A. solani and T. harzianum. T. viride also showed highest inhibition in volatile and non-volatile trials. Six plant extracts viz., Adhatoda vasica (Nees), Azadirachta indica (A Juss). Ocimujm sanctum (L), Allium sativum (L), Datura metal (Linn) and Zingiber officinale (Rose) were selected to evaluate their in vitro efficacy of 5%, 10% and 20% concentration against the A. solani. Allium sativum was the most effective one against A. solani, followed by Azadirachta indica. The efficacy of five fungicides viz., Bavistin 50WP, Mancozeb 80WP, Indofil M-45, Sulcox 50WP and Tall 25EC were evaluated for their fungitoxicity against the A. solani at 100, 200,100, 600 and 800 ppm. Tall 25EC was the most effective fungicide against Alternaria solani followed by Mancozeb 80WP. After screening the five tomato varieties against A. solani, it was revealed that BARI Tomato-9 had the highest Percentage of Disease Index (PDI) and the leaf of BARI Tomato-7 had the lowest Percentage of Disease Index (PDI). Conclusion:The extract of Allium sativum was effective to control Alternaria solani at prescribed concentration. The highest PDI was found in BARI tomato-9 against Alternaria solani.

Evaluation of the Efficiency of Paecilomyces Lilacinus and Trichoderma Harzianum as Biological Control Agents Against Alternaria Solani Causing Early Blight Disease of Eggplant

“…The peroxidase (POX) activity showed that P. lilacinus (4.84 units/g/mL/min) and T. harzianum (3.88 units/g/mL/min) exhibited a greater activity than controls (positive control = 1.95 units/g/mL/min; negative control = 1.68 units/g/mL/min) when plants were inoculated with A. solani (Table 2). Roy et al (2019) and Viriyasuthee et al (2019) showing the specific effect of Paecilomyces spp. and T. harzianum against Alternaria spp.…”

Acrophialophora jodhpurensis: an endophytic plant growth promoting fungus with biocontrol effect against Alternaria alternata

“…For example, Penicillium oxalicum was effective against A. alternata in rice (Sempere and Santamarina, 2010), Trichoderma harzianum was effective against A. alternata in quince (Tekiner et al, 2019), and also in strawberry and cucumber fruits (Tozlu et al, 2018). Trichoderma viride and T. harzianum were effective against A. solani in tomato (Roy et al, 2019). Also, the endophytic fungus Chaetomium globosum (Fayyadh andYousif, 2019), andTrichoderma asperelloides (Ramírez-Cariño et al, 2020), T. harzianum and T. longibrachiatum (Hosseinmardi et al, 2020) were antagonistic against A. alternata in tomato.…”

Role of biochar, compost and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria in the management of tomato early blight disease

“…propineb, mancozeb, copper oxychlorode, Tebuconazole, propiconazole 7 , 8 and selection of resistant genotypes 9 – 12 . In addition, different bio-control techniques are also being employed for the management of EB such as PGPR-mediated protection by stimulating production and activity of antioxidant peroxidase (POX) and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) enzymes in host plants 4 , 13 , use of galrlic ( Allium sativum) extract 12 , essential oils extracted from different varieties of Eucalyptus 14 , nano-particles biosynthesized from fruit peel extract of citrus kinnow 15 , extract from wild medicinal plants including Calotropis procera ( Aitón ) W. T. Aiton 16 and Putranjiva roxburghii 17 . Besides different control strategies, chemical control by fungicides has been regarded asa predominant practice for the EB management 18 .…”