Control of electromagnetic energy by metamaterials

Rubio, Ana Díaz

doi:10.4995/thesis/10251/54137

Cited by 2 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…There was a paucity of bilirubin monoglucuronide in human CBM preparations, whereas rat CBM preparations contained up to two-thirds bilirubin monoglucuronide. This is well above values reported for normal rat bile (Hoffman, Whitcomb, Butt & Bollman, 1960), even allowing for the increased proportion of the monoglucuronide that is excreted after intravenous loading with unconjugated bilirubin (Hoffman et al 1960;Schalm & Weber, 1962;Verme & Camarri, 1965;Diaz-Rubio, Diaz-Rubio & Santos, 1967). However, column chromatography of the original bile samples and their Folch extracts showed 25-35% bilirubin monoglucuronide, in agreement with reported values (Billing et al 1957;Hoffman et at.…”

Section: Properties Of the Conjugated Pigmentsmentioning

confidence: 49%

Isolation and properties of conjugated bilirubin from bile

Ostrow

Murphy

1970

Biochemical Journal

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1. A simple, rapid solvent partition method is described for isolation of conjugated bilirubin, free of unconjugated bilirubin, bile salts, phospholipids and cholesterol, from rat bile. Yields are 40-58%. The product is a phosphate-buffered solution containing approx. 0.4mg of bilirubin/ml, principally as mono- and di-glucuronide conjugates. The method may be modified for isolation of conjugates from human bile with 15-22% yield, and for preparation of unconjugated bilirubin from rat or human bile with yields of 55-62%. 2. The conjugated pigment has red-brown fluorescence and an absorption maximum at 450nm with in(mM) 59.8cm(-1). Diazotization by the Malloy-Evelyn method gives a direct Van den Bergh reaction (in water) 12% greater than the total reaction (in methanol), with in(total) 28.4x10(3)lmol(-1)cm(-1) at 550nm. After desalting by elution from Sephadex LH-20 in 50% (v/v) ethanol, the product gave water-soluble mustard-yellow crystalline needles. Such desalted conjugates were precipitated by Pb(2+) but not by Ba(2+), Ca(2+) or Zn(2+). 3. At pH7.0 and 37 degrees C the conjugated bilirubin was oxidized at a rate of 1%/h without hydrolysis, whereas 84% was hydrolysed by beta-glucuronidase or aqueous alkali. 4. Mono- and di-glucuronides were separated by elution from Sephadex LH-20 in 95% (v/v) ethanol or by extraction with chloroform at pH3.2-3.4. The monoconjugated bilirubin did not become labelled during incubation with unconjugated [(14)C]bilirubin, and chromatographed as a single spot without dissociating into unconjugated bilirubin and diglucuronide as would be expected of a complex. 5. After intravenous injection of mono- or di-conjugated [(14)C]bilirubin into normal or Gunn rats, 79-91% was excreted in bile and 2-7% in urine over 2h. In these experiments injected diglucuronide was not hydrolysed whereas 30-41% of injected monoglucuronide was converted into diglucuronide by the normal but not by the Gunn rats. The evidence favours the existence of a true bilirubin mono-glucuronide that is not a complex.

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Section: Properties Of the Conjugated Pigmentsmentioning

confidence: 49%

Isolation and properties of conjugated bilirubin from bile

Ostrow

Murphy

1970

Biochemical Journal

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“…For the homogeneous UHPC, we employ smaller specimen sizes, similar to the ones used for ceramics. [18,19] The specimens are produced by filling the UHPC in hollow copper tubes with length and diameter of 250 and 20 mm respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hopkinson bar experiments as a method to determine impact properties of brittle and ductile materials

Weinberg

Khosravani

Thimm³

et al. 2018

GAMM-Mitteilungen

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Split Hopkinson bar experiments are fundamental test arrangements to determine elastic, plastic, and fracture properties of materials under high strain rates. A specimen is considered to be in a well‐defined state of uniaxial stress, and depending on the specific device, limit loads or high strains can be achieved through purely elastic loading in the bars where there are no shock waves present. Variations of the conventional Hopkinson bar procedure allow determining of the dynamic fracture toughness of brittle materials. Here, the results of dynamic Brazilian tests on ultra‐high performance concrete are compared with the results of spallation experiments that simultaneously allow for the determination of the specific fracture energy. Similar experiments are performed for water ice. In addition, the strain rate dependence of the plastic hardening of a medium carbon steel is investigated. The yield stress is determined at strain rates up to 1300s−1.

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Control of electromagnetic energy by metamaterials

Cited by 2 publications

References 27 publications

Isolation and properties of conjugated bilirubin from bile

Isolation and properties of conjugated bilirubin from bile

Hopkinson bar experiments as a method to determine impact properties of brittle and ductile materials

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