or could exhibit easy de-icing process is an extremely meaningful issue to be considered. [1d,4] Though various anti-icing and de-icing strategies have been widely developed, the conventional positive de-icing methods are usually inefficient, high waste and cost, or environmentally unfriendly. [5] To fundamentally and effectively address the problem of superficial icing, understanding and controlling the icing process on the surfaces will facilitate the design of anti-icing surfaces. [1c,d,4,6] Ice forms on solid surfaces mainly through four routes: freezing of supercooled sessile droplets, [7] freezing of impacting supercooled water droplets, [8] frosting, [9] and ice deposition (Scheme 1). [10] In winter, when the supercooled drops impact on a surface, freezing happens in short time as the surface temperature is subzero. The freezing of supercooled water or vapor on solid surfaces usually experiences steps of reversible formation of ice nuclei, [4a,11] irreversible growth of ice crystal, [12] and ice recrystallization. [13] Besides freezing from water or vapor, ice sometimes deposits directly on the solid surface by snowfall.Efforts have been made to understand the mechanism of ice formation, and various anti-icing and de-icing strategies have been developed with respect to the different routes of ice formation (Scheme 1). For sessile droplet freezing, surfaces with specific charges, [7c,14] ions, [15] or wetting properties, [7b,16] etc., have been applied to inhibit or delay ice nucleation. The freezing of impacting droplet can be solved by employing liquid-repellent surface to inhibit droplet attachment and reducing contact time before bouncing. [17] Frost formation process occurs when water condensation or water vapor desublimation happens on the surface. It can be, respectively, hindered by the timely removal of the condensate droplets due to their high mobility on superhydrophobic surfaces or local icing by spatially controlling the nucleation and the growth modes of ice crystals on surfaces. [9b,12c,18] If ice is inevitably deposited on the surface, the introduction of a aqueous or organic lubricant layer on the surface can effectively reduce its adhesion. [4b,19] In this review, we briefly summarize the current progress of studies on the regulation of the heterogenous ice nucleation and growth, respectively. Then we correspondingly summarize the anti-icing strategies with respect to the different routes of ice formation. Finally, we discuss the remaining gaps in the field of anti-icing and outlooks for development.Understanding the formation of ice from supercooled water on a surface is a matter of fundamental importance and general use. Kinetics of ice nucleation and ice growth on solid surfaces are actively studied, based on which effective anti-icing surfaces are designed. This review introduces one major breakthrough of experimental estimation of the critical ice nucleus size in heterogenous ice nucleation (HIN). Besides that, targeted anti-icing strategies are summarized according to th...