Control of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in poultry

Warner, Keith Douglass; Clark, Michael; Perez, Sara; Jennison, R. F.

doi:10.1136/vr.165.22.668

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…Tylosin, first developed at the end of the 1950s, is not as active as erythromycin against the majority of bacteria [ 46 ], but it has been historically indicated as one of the most effective antimicrobials for treating mycoplasma infections in poultry [ 6 , 18 ]. Moreover, tiamulin, a semisynthetic derivate of tylosin developed almost 40 years later, has proven effective against mycoplasmas—including Mg [ 48 ]—and it has also been used to treat other bacterial infections caused by Pasteurella multocida and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ]. In the literature, there are reports of high MIC values of erythromycin, tylosin, and tilmicosin in Mg isolates collected in different countries before 2011 [ 40 , 42 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Monitoring of Mycoplasma gallisepticum Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations during the Last Decade (2010–2020) Seems to Reveal a Comeback of Susceptibility to Macrolides, Tiamulin, and Lincomycin

et al. 2022

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Mycoplasma gallisepticum (Mg) is a highly contagious avian pathogen responsible for significant economic losses for the poultry industry. In some circumstances, antimicrobial treatment is useful to contain clinical signs of Mg infection in birds. However, antimicrobial resistance emergence is now common among animal pathogens, becoming a worldwide health concern. The collection of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) data is fundamental for an appropriate antimicrobial use and for fighting antimicrobial resistance emergence. However, MIC data can only be generated in specialized laboratories, and therefore they are not regularly available. MICs of 67 non-vaccine-derived Mg isolates collected in Italy between 2010 and 2020 were obtained. Although 79.1% of the Mg isolates showed enrofloxacin MICs ≥8 µg/mL, a statistically significant trend toward low MICs of erythromycin, tylosin, tilmicosin, spiramycin, tiamulin, and lincomycin was observed, indicating a comeback to susceptibility of Mg toward these drugs. Doxycycline proved to be slightly more effective than oxytetracycline. The present study shows that Mg changed its susceptibility toward many of the drugs most commonly used for its containment over a ten-year period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Monitoring of Mycoplasma gallisepticum Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations during the Last Decade (2010–2020) Seems to Reveal a Comeback of Susceptibility to Macrolides, Tiamulin, and Lincomycin

et al. 2022

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“…Vaccination of breeders by inactivated vaccine stimulates the production of high levels of antibodies that can pass to their progeny to protect them for up to 4 weeks of age (Warner et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…ORT control is primarily performed through strict biosecurity methods to prevent infection from spreading among the flock. Vaccination of breeders by inactivated vaccine stimulates the production of high levels of antibodies that can pass to their progeny to protect them for up to 4 weeks of age (Warner et al., 2009 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenic bacteria associated with outbreaks of respiratory disease in Iranian broiler farms

Bashashati

Shojaei

Sabouri

2023

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background: Multi-causal respiratory infections are more commonly observed than uncomplicated cases with single agents in the commercial poultry industry. Recently, increased mortality rates associated with respiratory clinical signs have been reported in Iranian broiler farms. Objectives: The present study aimed to determine the spectra of avian mycoplasmas (Mycoplasma gallisepticum, MG and Mycoplasma synoviae, MS) and Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) in the broiler farms with the multi-causal respiratory disease (MCRD) from 2017 to 2020. Methods: Trachea and lung tissue samples were collected from 70 broiler flocks presenting increased mortality and acute respiratory disease. MG, MS, and ORT were detected by performing polymerase chain reaction with primers complementary to the 16S rRNA, vlhA, and 16S rRNA genes, respectively.Results: Genetic materials of MG, MS, and ORT were detected in five, three, and five of the 70 flocks. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the complete mgc2 coding sequences, all MG strains formed a distinct cluster along with other Iranian MG isolates. According to the phylogenetic analysis of the partial vlhA gene of MS strains, two isolates were located along with Australian and European strains. In addition, one of them displayed an out-group association with MS isolates from Jordan. Phylogenetic analysis of Iranian ORT strains using a partial sequence of the 16S rRNA gene showed a distinct group among the other ORT strains. Conclusions:The results indicate that MG, MS, and ORT are not predominantly responsible for the MCRD. However, continuous monitoring of poultry flocks could be significant for obtaining valuable information related to different MG, MS, and ORT strains and designing effective control strategies.

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