“…Clp is important for protein turnover and homeostasis in a broad range of species and particularly relevant under protein stress conditions, such as elevated temperatures, exposure to protein damaging agents, or during the stationary phase ( Frees et al, 2014 ). Regulatory proteolysis is the second major task of Clp, i.e., the rapid and coordinated degradation of central regulatory proteins, often transcription factors, to control differentiation and development programs of bacterial and eukaryotic cells ( Nagpal et al, 2013 ; Mahmoud and Chien, 2018 ; Nouri et al, 2020 ). In the well-studied model organism Bacillus subtilis , the Clp protease regulates, e.g., the heat-shock response, sporulation, natural genetic competence, and swarming motility ( Frees et al, 2014 ; Elsholz et al, 2017 ).…”