Control of swine pseudorabies in China: Opportunities and limitations

Sun, Yuan; Luo, Yuzi; Wang, Chunhua; Yuan, Jianmin; Li, Na; Song, Kun; Qiu, Hua‐Ji

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2015.12.008

Cited by 175 publications

(137 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Since 2011, prevalence of PRV infection among swineherds in China has risen several times ( 11 ). Among swineherds in Jiangxi Province, studies have shown varying positive rates for PRV DNA: from 5.5% to 26.5% during 2014, ( 12 ), and of positive PRV antibodies, from 84.4% to 89.9% during September 2013–September 2015 ( 13 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Endophthalmitis Caused By Pseudorabies Virus Infection, China, 2017

Ai¹,

Weng²,

Cheng³

et al. 2018

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

184

142

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Endophthalmitis Caused By Pseudorabies Virus Infection, China, 2017

Ai¹,

Weng²,

Cheng³

et al. 2018

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

184

142

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“…Over the last few years, outbreaks of pseudorabies have been reported on farms that widely used attenuated live vaccine (Bartha‐K61), indicating that the vaccine does not provide effective protection against PrV infection in various regions of China . Medicinal extracts from various traditional herbs have been extensively used as adjuvants with the aim of improving the protective immunity conferred by vaccines against viral diseases .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Commercial pseudorabies vaccines, mainly live attenuated vaccines, are used worldwide to control these infections. However, post‐vaccination disease outbreaks have been reported in different farms in countries in which pseudorabies is endemic (particularly China) because of failure of currently available pseudorabies vaccines to induce effective immune responses . Therefore, improvement in these vaccines remains an urgent and important topic for researchers in the field of immunology.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ginseng stem‐leaf saponins in combination with selenium enhance immune responses to an attenuated pseudorabies virus vaccine

Maqbool

Wang

Cui

et al. 2019

Microbiology and Immunology

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Pseudorabies, a herpesvirus infection, is mainly controlled by using attenuated live vaccines. In this study, the effect of ginseng stem and leaf saponins (GSLS) in combination with selenium (Se; in the form of sodium selenite) on vaccination against attenuated pseudorabies virus (aPrV) was evaluated. It was found that GSLS and Se have an adjuvant effect and that a combination of GSLS and Se stimulates significantly enhanced immune responses than does GSLS or Se alone. Following oral administration of GSLS, mice immunized with an attenuated PrV vaccine diluted in Se‐containing physiological saline solution (PSS) provoked a significantly stronger gB‐specific serum antibodies response (IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a), enhanced lymphocyte proliferation and cytolytic activity of NK cells, along with higher production of cytokines (IFN‐γ, IL‐12, IL‐5 and IL‐10) by splenocytes. Notably, the combination of GSLS and Se conferred a much higher resistance to fPrV challenge after immunization of the mice with aPrV vaccine. This study offers convincing experimental evidence that an injection of Se with oral GSLS is a promising adjuvant combination that improves the efficacy of vaccination against PrV and deserves further study regarding improvement of responses to other animal vaccines.

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“…Pseudorabies is a porcine infectious disease that can be effectively controlled using gene deletion marked vaccines and serum monitoring, enabling differentiation of vaccinated from infected animals [1–3]. However, in 2011 an outbreak of pseudorabies affected Chinese pig herds that had been vaccinated with the standard PRV Bartha K61 strain [4–9]. It is now clear that the outbreak was caused by an emergent PRV variant [5–7, 9–13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in 2011 an outbreak of pseudorabies affected Chinese pig herds that had been vaccinated with the standard PRV Bartha K61 strain [4–9]. It is now clear that the outbreak was caused by an emergent PRV variant [5–7, 9–13]. As a support for this finding, the widely used PRV Bartha K61 strain was shown to be incapable of providing complete protection against this new PRV variant in several experimental studies [4–8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An inactivated gE-deleted pseudorabies vaccine provides complete clinical protection and reduces virus shedding against challenge by a Chinese pseudorabies variant

Wang

Guo

et al. 2016

BMC Vet Res

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BackgroundSince the end of 2011 an outbreak of pseudorabies affected Chinese pig herds that had been vaccinated with the commercial vaccine made of Bartha K61 strain. It is now clear that the outbreak was caused by an emergent PRV variant. Even though vaccines made of PRV Bartha K61 strain can confer certain cross protection against PRV variants based on experimental data, less than optimal clinical protection and virus shedding reduction were observed, making the control or eradication of this disease difficult.ResultsAn infectious clone of PRV AH02LA strain was constructed to generate a gE deletion mutant PRV(LA-AB) strain. PRV(LA-AB) strain can reach a titer of 108.43 TCID50 /mL (50% tissue culture infectious dose) on BHK-21 cells. To evaluate the efficiency of the inactivated vaccine made of PRV(LA-AB) strain, thirty 3-week-old PRV-negative piglets were divided randomly into six groups for vaccination and challenge test. All five piglets in the challenge control showed typical clinical symptoms of pseudorabies post challenge. Sneezing and nasal discharge were observed in four and three piglets in groups C(vaccinated with inactivated PRV Bartha K61 strain vaccine) and D(vaccinated with live PRV Bartha K61 strain vaccine) respectively. In contrast, piglets in both groups A(vaccinated with inactivated PRV LA-AB strain vaccine) and B(vaccinated with inactivated PRV LA-AB strain vaccine with adjuvant) presented mild or no clinical symptoms. Moreover, viral titers detected via nasal swabs were approximately 100 times lower in group B than in the challenge control, and the duration of virus shedding (3–4 days) was shorter than in either the challenge control (5–10 days) or groups C and D (5–6 days).ConclusionsThe infectious clone constructed in this study harbors the whole genome of the PRV variant AH02LA strain. The gE deletion mutant PRV(LA-AB)strain generated from PRV AH02LA strain can reach a high titer on BHK-21 cells. An inactivated vaccine of PRV LA-AB provides clinical protection and significantly reduces virus shedding post challenge, especially if accompanied by the adjuvant CVC1302. While Inactivated or live vaccines made of PRV Barth K61 strain can provide only partial protection in this test.

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Control of swine pseudorabies in China: Opportunities and limitations

Cited by 175 publications

References 19 publications

Human Endophthalmitis Caused By Pseudorabies Virus Infection, China, 2017

Human Endophthalmitis Caused By Pseudorabies Virus Infection, China, 2017

Ginseng stem‐leaf saponins in combination with selenium enhance immune responses to an attenuated pseudorabies virus vaccine

An inactivated gE-deleted pseudorabies vaccine provides complete clinical protection and reduces virus shedding against challenge by a Chinese pseudorabies variant

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