Control of the illegal use of clenbuterol in bovine production

Abstract

This study is based on a plan of collecting different matrices (hair, eye, muscle, liver and kidney) in order to define a strategy for the control of the illegal use of clenbuterol in bovine production. Of all matrices utilised, hair is recommended for the analytical control of clenbuterol in living animals, due to its being permanently available and easy to collect. The eye, or rather the retina, is the matrix which gives the most trustworthy result, after the animal slaughter, and the one that best helps in the determination of the illegal use of clenbuterol in a perspective of gradual food safety improvement.

Determination of ractopamine in animal hair: Application to residue depletion in sheep and residue monitoring

“…However, the concentration of RAC in urine samples from sheep and cattle was not detected two to four days after discontinuing RAC administration [6]. The elimination half-life of RAC in plasma and whole blood in livestock was approximately 6-7 h [1], and the RAC residue concentration in swine tissue was low (0-5 ppb) upon withdrawal from RAC-D7 and RAC-D11 administration [7,8]. Therefore, detection of the illicit use of RAC in animal tissue poses difficult challenges.…”

Production of “in house” reference materials for ELISA screening of bovine urine and liver samples for clenbuterol

“…The dry extracts of urine and liver were derivatized with 50.0 ll MSTFA-TMSI-dithioerythritol, 1000:2:2 (v/v/w) at 60°C ± 3°C for 20 min [15].…”

Illegal Use of Clenbuterol in Cattle Production in México

“…Chemically amino metil alpha butilamino T3 is amino 4, 5 diclorobenzil alcohol. It owns an average life of prolonged action, with the particularity of being able to store in liver and kidney and metabolizes by means of glucoronics reactions of N-oxidation in hidroxyclenbuterol and conjugated [1]- [4] (Figure 1).…”

“…Long-acting β-adrenergic stimulating drugs such as clenbuterol are illegally used to promote animal growth, causing a considerable increase in muscular mass and, at the same time, a decrease in fat accumulation [1].…”