Control strategies for hybrid vehicles: synthesis and evaluation

-In the optimization of power management of hybrid electric vehicles, the equivalent consumption factor is often used. This parameter represents a way of penalizing the use of power from the batteries, taking into account the fuel consumption that such use eventually hides. If the problem of determining the power split between the energy sources of the vehicle that minimizes fuel consumption is stated as a non linear constrained optimal control problem, and is solved using Pontryagin Maximum Principle (PMP), the equivalent consumption factor may be computed from the adjoint state. Following this approach we compute the trajectory of the adjoint state in the case where state constraints are taken into account. The optimality conditions from PMP are a Boundary Value Problem (BVP), which is solved numerically using a code named PASVA4. Numerical examples are compared with dynamic programming solutions of the same problem. It is found that the adjoint state is continuous and its trajectory is described. The approach may be generalized to similar optimal control problems.Résumé -Détermination de la consommation équivalente dans les véhicules électriques hybrides, compte tenu des contraintes sur l'état -Dans l'optimisation de la gestion d'énergie des véhicules électriques hybrides, le facteur de consommation équivalent est souvent utilisé. Ce paramètre représente une façon de pénaliser l'utilisation de l'énergie de la batterie, étant donné que recharger les batteries implique finalement de consommer du carburant. Si le problème de la détermination de la répartition de la puissance entre les sources d'énergie du véhicule qui minimise la consommation de carburant est formulé comme un problème de commande optimale non linéaire avec des restrictions, et est résolu en utilisant le Principe du Maximum de Pontryagin (PMP), le facteur de consommation équivalent peut être calculé à partir de l'état adjoint. Cet article montre une manière de calculer l'évolution temporelle du facteur de consommation équivalente, basée sur la résolution d'un problème de commande optimale dans le cas où les contraintes d'état sont prises en compte. Les conditions d'optimalité données par le PMP sont un problème de condition initiale et condition finale. Ce problème est résolu numériquement en utilisant un code appelé PASVA4. Des exemples numériques sont comparés avec les solutions du même problème obtenues en utilisant la programmation dynamique. La trajectoire de l'état adjoint, qui est continue, est décrite complètement. L'approche peut être généralisée aux problèmes similaires de gestion optimale d'énergie.

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“…This fact is also mentioned by other researchers, who overcome this drawback by determining the jumps by a dichotomic search [5,11,13,18].…”

Section: Direct Adjoining Approach Optimality Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Pontryagin Maximum Principle (PMP) has been used before to address similar supervisory control problems in [5,11,[18][19][20], etc. In these articles, in order to consider the state constraint, the optimality conditions are formulated following the "indirect adjoining approach''.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determination of the Equivalent Consumption in Hybrid Electric Vehicles in the State-Constrained Case

Pérez

Angelo

Pereyra

2015

Oil Gas Sci. Technol. – Rev. IFP Energies nouvelles

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“…under the boundary constraint (2) and the dynamics (3,4,5). The corresponding optimal energy management strategy is denoted by (S).…”

Section: Constraintsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Common EMS are mostly based on heuristic considerations inspired by a priori knowledge of the behavior and the efficiency of the propulsion system [3], [4], [5], [12]. Lately, in an attempt to reach maximal levels of performance, optimization-based EMS have been introduced and studied [12], [15], [18], [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of several strategies for HEV energy management system including engine and catalyst temperatures

Maamria

Chaplais

Petit

et al. 2015

2015 American Control Conference (ACC)

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In this paper, we investigate the benefits of considering advanced modeling of engine and after-treatment system (3-way catalyst) in the design of Energy Management System (EMS) for a parallel Hybrid-Electric light-duty Vehicle (HEV) (passenger car with gasoline engine). The evaluation is based on a comparative study of optimal control problems formulated using three distinct levels of model complexity. Starting with a single state dynamics (battery state-of-charge), successively, we consider the engine temperature and the 3-way catalyst temperature, yielding increased complexity. As is shown, the increased complexity brings only little improvement in fuel economy and emissions reduction. We provide quantitative results to assess this observation.

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“…Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) present a potential for significant fuel economy improvement through combining gasoline and a relatively small battery by using hybrid functions such as engine-off at idle, a moderate level of coast down or braking regeneration and possibly acceleration assist [1]. They have become one of the most viable alternatives to conventional vehicles, which are driven by internal combustion engines (ICE).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of fuzzy control strategy for parallel hybrid electric vehicle

Chun

Wang

2011

2011 International Conference on Electric Information and Control Engineering

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Control for the HEV propulsion system based on dynamic processes is proposed. Parameters of the controller are optimized in order to optimize the dynamic characteristics. For the purpose of solving the problem that the energy consumption will increase while the dynamic characteristics are optimized, fuzzy control is put forward for the HEV. The dynamic characteristic is than improved, and the output required from the engine and motor will not go beyond their ability, which allows the optimized target of the control strategy to be implemented.

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Control strategies for hybrid vehicles: synthesis and evaluation

Cited by 25 publications

References 4 publications

Determination of the Equivalent Consumption in Hybrid Electric Vehicles in the State-Constrained Case

Determination of the Equivalent Consumption in Hybrid Electric Vehicles in the State-Constrained Case

Comparison of several strategies for HEV energy management system including engine and catalyst temperatures

Simulation of fuzzy control strategy for parallel hybrid electric vehicle

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