Controllable Processes for Generating Large Single Crystals of Poly(3‐hexylthiophene)

Abstract

Sowing the seeds: A simple strategy based on self-seeding allows large single crystals of long regioregular poly(3-hexylthiophene) chains to be grown from solution. When appropriately crystallized, materials differing in their degrees of regioregularity and molecular weights formed monoclinic form II crystals with interdigitated hexyl side groups (see picture).

Toward a comprehensive understanding of molecular doping organic semiconductors (review)

“…In the same study, the authors further M a n u s c r i p t 19 investigated the impact of F 4 TCNQ doping on the structural properties of P3HT films. Regioregular P3HT is known to grow in crystalline films exhibiting a lamellar structure with π-stacked polymer chains (stacking distances of 0.39 nm [118] to 0.43 nm [119] depending on the specific polymorph), which are separated by regions filled by the alkyl side-chains [120][121][122][123]. In contrast to the majority of COMs, the full structural details of P3HT are still incomplete, as growing large single-crystals from CPs and applying single-crystal diffraction methods is challenging due to their low structural quality [119].…”

“…Regioregular P3HT is known to grow in crystalline films exhibiting a lamellar structure with π-stacked polymer chains (stacking distances of 0.39 nm [118] to 0.43 nm [119] depending on the specific polymorph), which are separated by regions filled by the alkyl side-chains [120][121][122][123]. In contrast to the majority of COMs, the full structural details of P3HT are still incomplete, as growing large single-crystals from CPs and applying single-crystal diffraction methods is challenging due to their low structural quality [119]. Hence, the exact arrangement of the alkyl chains is experimentally not fully accessible, but different structural models exist for the degree of alkyl-chain intercalation, which are based, e.g., on experiments varying the alkyl chain length [124].…”

Enthalpy of fusion of poly(3-hexylthiophene) by differential scanning calorimetry

“…The difficulties of making such a crystal of a semiconducting polymer are well known 21 and only one successful report has been published to date. 22 Typically, this value is attained through indirect experimentation and theoretical analysis. Malik and Nandi 23 were first to acquire a value of DH 1 m 599J=g for P3HT.…”

Hybrid Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells Based on the Cooperative Interaction of Liquid Crystals within Quantum Dots and Diblock Copolymers

“…20,21 To investigate the influence of cyanobiphenyl side-chain mesogens on the self-assembly properties of the P3HT-b-PTcbp, the thermal transition and mesomorphic behavior of the rod−rod diblock copolymer were studied by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and POM ( Figure 1). From the POM images, it can be seen that the block copolymers P3HT 44 -bPTcbp 7 and P3HT 44 -b-PTcbp 5 did not develop obviously characteristic optical textures, and consequently the mesophase behavior of the block copolymers containing side-chain mesogens could not clearly be identified.…”