Controllable synthesis of spherical carbon particles transition from dense to hollow structure derived from Kraft lignin

Cao, Kiet Le Anh; Rahmatika, Annie Mufyda; Kitamoto, Yasuhiko; Nguyen, Mai Thanh; Ogi, Takashi

doi:10.1016/j.jcis.2020.12.077

Cited by 85 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…In addition, experimental data showing the change in the size of the porous particles (Figure g) confirmed that a large droplet size led to the formation of large porous particles, that is, the size of PPT-P particles was greater than that of PPT-C particles. These results are consistent with previous reports demonstrating that the droplet size also affects the properties of the obtained porous particles. , The droplet diameter only influences the outer diameter and morphology of the particles. Moreover, the porous structure (i.e., pore sizes, shapes) is the result of the self-assembly of components during the drying process.…”

Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…The morphology and size of the ordered porous structure particles formed using the spray-drying method can be influenced by various factors, including the initial size of the template, the mass ratio of template particles to host materials, and the conditions of the drying process. − The pectin host materials started to decompose at 200 °C, as shown in Figure S6. Therefore, the temperature of hot air was fixed at 150 °C, and similar mass ratios of PMMA or CaCO 3 particles to pectin were used to draw comparisons.…”

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These results are consistent with previous reports demonstrating that the droplet size also affects the properties of the obtained porous particles. 52,55 The droplet diameter only influences the outer diameter and morphology of the particles. Moreover, the porous structure (i.e., pore sizes, shapes) is the result of the self-assembly of components during the drying process.…”

Section: Mechanism Of Particlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of High Specific Surface Area Macroporous Pectin Particles by Template-Assisted Spray Drying

et al. 2021

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Many types of porous particles containing inorganic and organic substances, such as carbon, metals, metal oxides, inorganic−organic hybrids, and polymers, have been developed. However, natural polymer-derived particles are relatively rare. To our knowledge, this report describes the first synthetic method for obtaining meso-/macroporous particles made from pectin, which is a natural polymer with a wide range of biological activities suitable for active substance support applications. These porous particles were prepared using a template-assisted spray-drying method, followed by a chemical etching process. An organic template [i.e., poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)] or an inorganic template [i.e., calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 )] was used to evaluate the resulting formation of macroporous structures in the pectin particles. Furthermore, the concentration of the templates in the precursor solution was varied to better understand the mechanism of porous pectin particle formation. The results showed that the final porous particles maintained the characteristic properties of pectin. The differences between the two templates resulted in two distinct types of porous particles that differed in their particle morphologies (i.e., spherical or wrinkled), particle sizes (ranging from 3 to 8 μm), pore sizes (ranging from 80 to 350 nm), and pore volume (ranging from 0.024 to 1.40 cm 3 g −1 ). Especially, the porous pectin particles using the CaCO 3 template have a significantly high specific surface area of 171.2 m 2 g −1 , which is 114 times higher than that of nonporous pectin particles. These data demonstrated the potential for using PMMA and CaCO 3 templates to control and design desired porous materials.

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Section: Results and Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Results and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Mechanism Of Particlementioning

confidence: 99%

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Synthesis of High Specific Surface Area Macroporous Pectin Particles by Template-Assisted Spray Drying

et al. 2021

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“…As a consequence, the choice of a suitable material is no less important than the selection of an adequate production technology and the determination of the optimum processing conditions. Therefore, a search for new raw materials that would be useful in the production of carbonaceous adsorbents has been under way, and particular attention has been paid in this regard to biomass waste from the food, timber, and wood industries and agriculture [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The wood processing industry, the carpentry industry, and other related industries have a huge potential in terms of raw materials; hence, the production of activated carbons from biomass waste could increase the economic return and reduce pollution. This is connected with the fact that the production of adsorbents is not only one of the alternative methods for utilising biomass waste, but is also a way of converting such waste into a valuable and sustainable product [ 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer Analysis of the Porous Structure of Activated Carbons Derived from Various Biomass Materials by Chemical Activation

Kwiatkowski

Broniek

2021

Materials

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In this study, the preparation of activated carbons from various materials of biomass origin by activation with potassium hydroxide and a comprehensive computer analysis of their porous structure and adsorption properties based on benzene (C6H6) adsorption isotherms were carried out. In particular, the influence of the mass ratio of the activator’s dry mass to the char mass on the formation of the microporous structure of the obtained activated carbons was analysed. The summary of the analyses carried out based on benzene adsorption isotherms begged the conclusion that activated carbon with a maximum adsorption volume in the first adsorbed layer and homogeneous surface can be obtained from ebony wood at a mass ratio of the activator to the char of R = 3. The obtained results confirmed the superiority of the new numerical-clustering-based adsorption analysis (LBET) method over simple methods of porous structure analysis, such as the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Dubinin–Raduskevich (DR) methods. The LBET method is particularly useful in the evaluation of the influence of the methods and conditions of production of activated carbons on the formation of their porous structure. This method, together with an appropriate economic analysis, can help in the precise selection of methods and conditions for the process of obtaining activated carbons at specific manufacturing costs, and thus makes it possible to obtain materials that can successfully compete with those of other technologies used in industrial practice and everyday life.

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Multifunctional, Hybrid Materials Design via Spray‐Drying: Much more than Just Drying

Wintzheimer,

Luthardt,

Cao

et al. 2023

Advanced Materials

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Spray‐drying is a popular and well‐known “drying tool” for engineers. This perspective highlights that, beyond this application, spray‐drying is a very interesting and powerful tool for materials chemists to enable the design of multifunctional and hybrid materials. Upon spray‐drying, the confined space of a liquid droplet is narrowed down, and its ingredients are forced together upon “falling dry.” As detailed in this article, this enables the following material formation strategies either individually or even in combination: nanoparticles and/or molecules can be assembled; precipitation reactions as well as chemical syntheses can be performed; and templated materials can be designed. Beyond this, fragile moieties can be processed, or “precursor materials” be prepared. Post‐treatment of spray‐dried objects eventually enables the next level in the design of complex materials. Using spray‐drying to design (particulate) materials comes with many advantages—but also with many challenges—all of which are outlined here. It is believed that multifunctional, hybrid materials, made via spray‐drying, enable very unique property combinations that are particularly highly promising in myriad applications—of which catalysis, diagnostics, purification, storage, and information are highlighted.

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Controllable synthesis of spherical carbon particles transition from dense to hollow structure derived from Kraft lignin

Cited by 85 publications

References 53 publications

Synthesis of High Specific Surface Area Macroporous Pectin Particles by Template-Assisted Spray Drying

Synthesis of High Specific Surface Area Macroporous Pectin Particles by Template-Assisted Spray Drying

Computer Analysis of the Porous Structure of Activated Carbons Derived from Various Biomass Materials by Chemical Activation

Multifunctional, Hybrid Materials Design via Spray‐Drying: Much more than Just Drying

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