The
surface properties of biomaterials are crucial at controlling
biological interactions. Cells or tissues sense different stimuli
from surfaces and respond accordingly. A number of studies have reported
that fabricating complex stimuli-presenting surfaces is beneficial
for mimicking and understanding the in vivo scenario where multi-physicochemical
cues are present. Biological responses toward these surfaces could
be either negative, such as immune responses, or positive, such as
tissue regeneration. An ideal material surface should, therefore,
be multifunctional, triggering the desired biological process and
suppressing the unwanted side effects. The methods for material surface
decoration can be very sophisticated, depending on the applications
such as biosensors, medical devices, and/or implants. To date, decorating
material surfaces with complex chemistries and topographies is still
challenging, and methods are not straightforward. The majority of
the methods require multiple steps and combinational approaches that
include mask-based techniques, lithography, wet or dry etching, wet
chemistry, or vapor-based coatings, among others. Although these methods
have been established in the laboratory, easy-to-access and straightforward
approaches need to be explored. This Review summarizes the state-of-the-art
techniques for generating patterned multichemical and multitopographic
signals on material surfaces, and the potential of having these surfaces
in biointerface applications.