Controlled Preparation and Reactive Silver‐Ion Sorption of Electrically Conductive Poly(N‐butylaniline)–Lignosulfonate Composite Nanospheres

Abstract

Electroconductive poly(N-butylaniline)-lignosulfonate (PBA-LS) composite nanospheres were prepared in a facile way by in situ, unstirred polymerization of N-butylaniline with lignosulfonate (LS) as a dispersant and dopant. The LS content was used to optimize the size, structure, electroconductivity, solubility, and silver ion adsorptive capacity of the PBA-LS nanospheres. Uniform PBA-LS10 nanospheres with a minimal mean diameter of 375 nm and high stability were obtained when the LS content was 10 wt %. The PBA-LS10 nanospheres possess an increased electroconductivity of 0.109 S cm(-1) compared with that of poly(N-butylaniline) (0.0751 S cm(-1)). Furthermore, the PBA-LS10 nanospheres have a maximal silver-ion sorption capacity of 815.0 mg g(-1) at an initial silver ion concentration of 50 mmol L(-1) (25 °C for 48 h), an enhancement of 70.4% compared with PBA. Moreover, a sorption mechanism of silver ions on the PBA-LS10 nanospheres is proposed. TEM and wide-angle X-ray diffraction results showed that silver nanoparticles with a diameter size range of 6.8-55 nm was achieved after sorption, indicating that the PBA-LS10 nanospheres had high reductibility for silver ions.

Controllable preparation and heavy‐metal‐ion adsorption of lignosulfonate‐polypyrrole composite nanosorbent

“…This result indicates that the diameter, shape, and surface area of the LS‐PPY composite can be effectively controlled by using LS as a dispersant. Moreover, the average smaller diameter and higher surface area of the LS‐PPY composite could influence actively the metal ion adsorbability on the composite surface .…”

“…However, the absorption capacity did not increase with increasing the LS content, and a maximum value of 543.5 mg g −1 occurs at the LS content of 10 wt%, exhibiting an enhancement compared with PPY. The improvement of adsorption capacity of LS‐PPY at LS content of 10 wt% may be attributed to the optimal combination of imino and sulfonic groups on the LS‐PPY chains , the enlarged surface area and more fluffy structure due to the space location‐obstruct effect of LS also plays an important role. That is to say, there is a synergistic effect between the functional groups on PPY and the LS‐PPY chains.…”

“…Afterward, the solutions were kept in a 30°C water bath for a definite adsorption period. After a defined adsorption time, the adsorbent was separated from the solution, then the silver ions concentration in the filtrate was determined by Volhard titration and the concentration of Pb(II) ions in the filtrate after adsorption was measured by molar titration . The adsorption capacity and adsorptivity were calculated according to an earlier report .…”

Fabrication, Property, and Application of Lignin-Based Nanocomposites

“…Lü and co-workers [56,59] prepared poly (N-butylaniline)-lignosulfonate (PBA-LS) nanospheres with electroconductive property under a mild condition, using in situ polymerization of N-butylaniline without stirring. During the polymerization, lignosulfonate (LS) was added as dispersant and dopant.…”

“…Since there is a large amount of O-containing functional groups on the threedimensional structure of lignin [1], it has been widely used in removal of heavy metal ions such as Pb [37], Cu [53], Co [56,59], and Cr [10] from wastewater.…”