Controlled release of drug molecules by pillararene-modified nanosystems

Abstract

Stimuli-responsive nanosystems have attracted the interest of researchers due to their intelligent function of controlled release regulated by a variety of external stimuli and been applied in biomedical fields. Pillar[n]arenes...

Nano-Theranostics Constructed from Terpyridine-Modified Pillar [5]arene-Based Supramolecular Amphiphile and Its Application in Both Cell Imaging and Cancer Therapy

“…The HeLa cells were also selected to investigate the cancer therapy effect of TP5/Zn/PM /Dox in vitro. After incubating with different groups, their viabilities were investigated via 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays [ 38 , 39 , 40 ]. As shown in Figure 5 a, when the HeLa cells cultivated with TP5/Zn , PM and TP5/Zn/PM (concentration from 0–56 μg mL −1 ), the viabilities of the cells were all above 97%, indicating that our material itself has a good biocompatibility.…”

Supramolecular Biopharmaceutical Carriers Based on Host–Guest Interactions

“…In conclusion, the benefit of supramolecular drug carriers based on host−guest interaction is that their properties are often derived directly from the molecular level building blocks, which have predictable, reversible and highly tunable properties. 16,17 Thus, the use of supramolecular host−guest systems can effectively address some of the limitations of drugs in clinical applications and can play an indispensable role for the development of future drug delivery systems. Supramolecular macrocyclic host molecules are usually composed of cyclodextrins, pillararenes, calixarenes, cucurbiturils and crown ethers and are integral components of host− guest interactions.…”

“…26,27 In addition, the simple and reversible process of encapsulation of supramolecular macrocyclic bodies with drugs to form drug complexes offers the possibility of constructing intelligent supramolecular systems with the ability to adapt to different external environments. 16 Therefore, this paper reviews the latest developments in the study of the formation of complexes between macrocyclic molecular bodies and drug molecules (regarding biological anticancer drugs as well as drugs in pesticides) through host−guest interactions, mainly in terms of the different ways in which supramolecular macrocyclic body molecules such as cyclodextrins, pillararenes, calixarenes, cucurbiturils and crown ethers are bound to drugs in a host−guest manner and their applications in drug delivery and release, respectively. These environmentally friendly drug encapsulation systems are expected to have applications in green agricultural development, as in preparation of new pesticide formulations with supramolecules as carriers to achieve controllable release of green pesticides.…”

“…In addition to the role of supramolecular host and guest in drug delivery, it can also quantify and finely regulate supramolecular drug systems, to achieve targeted control of drug release. In conclusion, the benefit of supramolecular drug carriers based on host–guest interaction is that their properties are often derived directly from the molecular level building blocks, which have predictable, reversible and highly tunable properties. , Thus, the use of supramolecular host–guest systems can effectively address some of the limitations of drugs in clinical applications and can play an indispensable role for the development of future drug delivery systems.…”

“…Some authors also summarized the strategy of the macrocyclic supramolecular carrier-mediated pure organic aqueous RTP system and its application in cell imaging as well as the recognition and self-assembly of lanthanide luminescent materials from different macrocyclic compounds from ions or molecules. − However, there are not many summaries of simple host–guest interaction-based macrocyclic molecular designs, and therefore, we describe the binding action of drugs in terms of the host–guest interactions of macrocyclic supramolecules. Moreover, further understanding reveals that these macrocyclic molecules have hydrophobic cavities of different molecular sizes or separate ions at the macrocyclic ports that can be used as molecular recognition sites, and that these macrocyclic molecules are derivatized to bind different kinds of drugs through host–guest interactions and thus can serve as recognition sites for drug molecules. , In addition, the simple and reversible process of encapsulation of supramolecular macrocyclic bodies with drugs to form drug complexes offers the possibility of constructing intelligent supramolecular systems with the ability to adapt to different external environments . Therefore, this paper reviews the latest developments in the study of the formation of complexes between macrocyclic molecular bodies and drug molecules (regarding biological anticancer drugs as well as drugs in pesticides) through host–guest interactions, mainly in terms of the different ways in which supramolecular macrocyclic body molecules such as cyclodextrins, pillararenes, calixarenes, cucurbiturils and crown ethers are bound to drugs in a host–guest manner and their applications in drug delivery and release, respectively.…”