Controlled synthesis of SnO2 nanostructures with different morphologies and the influence on photocatalysis properties

Abstract

SnO2 nanoparticles, nanoflowers, and nanorods of highly crystalline were synthesized via a simple hydrothermal method. The size and morphology of the SnO2 nanostructures could be controlled by varying the NaOH concentration of the precursor solutions. The SnO2 structures appeared to be sphere-like nanoparticles with diameters in the range of 5–10 nm in lower NaOH concentrations. In higher NaOH concentrations, the nanostructures showed orientation growth behavior and were flower-like or rod-like in morphology. The sphere-like shape demonstrated that Ostwald ripening took effect only at lower NaOH concentration while the preferential growth behavior at higher NaOH concentration testified “oriented attachment” was more suitable under this condition. Photocatalysis experiments were carried out to study the influence of the morphology, size, and surface on photocatalytic activities of SnO2. The nanoparticles synthesized with the MNaOH:MSnCl4 = 4:1 showed the highest photolytic activities owing to their tiny size, large surface area, and abundant defect-related energy states.

Hierarchical growth of ZnO nanorods over SnO2 seed layer: insights into electronic properties from photocatalytic activity

“…13,15,[23][24][25] ZnO and SnO 2 are important n-type semiconductors (E gap ¼ 3.37 eV and 3.6 eV, respectively at 300 K) that have attracted considerable interest in diverse applications. 3,[26][27][28][29] The literature has reported that the junction of these semiconductors, forming a suitable type-II heterostructure, can further enhance their properties mainly due to the efficient charge separation. 13,23,25,30 Recently, Park and co-workers synthesized SnO 2 -core/ZnOshell nanowires through a two-step process consisting of a thermal evaporation followed by an atomic layer deposition.…”

Hydrothermal Synthesis of TiO2@SnO2 Hybrid Nanoparticles in a Continuous‐Flow Dual‐Stage Reactor

“…It shouldb en oted that in other reports of SnO 2 synthesized at alkaline conditions ar ich variety of morphologies are observed, including nanoflowers, nanorods, and nanospheres. [44][45][46] The powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) peak asymmetry towards lower angles indicates al arger unit cell size for parts of the diffractingv olume. This may be attributed to surface relaxation from hydroxylationo ri nclusion of OH defects.…”

Highly Efficient Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Orange by SnO2/Carbon/PANI Composite

“…The result shows that the SnO 2 /Carbon/PANI composite displayed a high photocatalytic activity. The enhanced photocatalytic efficiency of SnO 2 /Carbon/PANI was 35 SnO 2 (20 mg) MO (50 ml, 20 mg l −1 ) UV 500 W Mercury Lamp 25 min ≈95% Qizhao Wang et al 50 PANI/BiOCl (50 mg) MO (50 ml, 10 mg l −1 ) Visible Light 500 W Xenon Lamp 210 min 67% Hong-Ryun Jung et al 51 Co 0.5 Mn 0.5 Fe 2 O 4 -PANI (20 mg) MO (100 mL,20 mg l −1 ) Visible Light 120 min 92% Jianguo Zhang et al 52 Ag 3 PO 4 -PANI-GO (60 mg) MO (30 ml, 12 mg l −1 ) Visible Light 350 W Xenon Lamp 25 min 98% Yanjun Chen et al 53 PANI/Ag 3 PO 4 /NiFe 2 O 4 (25 mg) MO (50 ml, 10 mg l −1 ) Visible Light 65 W Visible Lamp 25 min 95% Mouheb Sboui et al 54 TiO 2 -PANI/Cork (100 mg) MO (100 ml, 15 mg l −1 ) Nature Light 210 min 95.20% Shreya Saha et al 55 PANI (50 mg) MO (50 ml, 10 mg l −1 ) UV 100 W Mercury Lamp 120 min 97.95% likely attributed to synergistic effect and most efficient separation and transfer of photogenerated electrons and holes. Also, this work indicated that SnO 2 /Carbon/PANI nanocomposites could be applied in the organic pollutants removal by the photocatalytic reaction.…”

“…They believe that the synergistic effect between PANI and BiOCl improves the photocatalytic performance of PANI/BiOCl nanocomposites. 35 In previous studies, the SnO 2 /Carbon composites synthesized as electrode materials have the advantages of small particle size, high dispersion, excellent electrochemical performance and simple synthesized method. 36 Therefore, we used SnO 2 /Carbon as the matrix to synthesize SnO 2 /Carbon/PANI core-shell structure composites by a simple liquid phase method, and deeply investigated its structure and photocatalytic activity.…”