Controlling firearms use in Australia: has the 1996 gun law reform produced the decrease in rates of suicide with this method?

Klieve, Helen; Barnes, Michael; Leo, Diego De

doi:10.1007/s00127-008-0435-9

Cited by 60 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…tighter regulation and access to firearms, illegal and legal drugs, agricultural pesticides and domestic gas) has been associated with lower suicide within some populations (Beautrais, Fergusson, & Horwood, 2005;Daigle, 2005;Hawton, 2007;Nordentoft, Qin, Helweg-Larsen, & Juel, 2006Rodríguez Andrés & Hempstead, 2011;Skegg & Herbison, 2009;Wong, Chan, Lau, Morgan, & Yip, 2009). However, research also suggests the importance of considering the risk of method substitution (whereby suicidal persons prevented from using one method will shift consideration to an alternate method) and the other possible influences such as the degree of familiarity with the method, gender, age and geographical location (De Leo, Dwyer, Firman, & Neulinger, 2003;De Leo, Evans, & Neulinger, 2002;Klieve, Barnes et al, 2009;Klieve, Sveticic et al, 2009;Roberts et al, 2003).…”

Section: Access To Suicide Methods (N = 21)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…drugs and alcohol abuse), prevalence of treatment and support services (e.g. availability of mental health services), and access to lethal suicide methods (Caldwell et al, 2004;Hempstead, 2006;Hirsch, 2006;Judd, Cooper, Fraser, & Davis, 2006;Klieve, Barnes, & De Leo, 2009;Klieve, Sveticic, & De Leo, 2009;Konradsen, Hoek, & Peiris, 2006;Konradsen et al, 2003;Roberts et al, 2003;Saunderson, Haynes, & Langford, 1998). Other researchers focus on the role of cultural norms in rural and urban areas, and the importance of values and relationships in the surrounding psycho-social environment (Alston, 2010;Baller & Richardson, 2002;Dudley et al, 1998;Hirsch, 2006;Pritchard, 1996).…”

Section: Rural Locations (N = 26)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social-Environmental Factors and Suicide Mortality: A Narrative Review of over 200 Articles

Milner¹,

Hjelmeland²,

Arensman³

et al. 2013

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Suicide mortality in a population has long been thought to be sensitive to social, economic and cultural contexts. This review examined research on the relationship between social-environmental variables and suicide mortality published over a ten-year period. The main areas covered in the review included: the economy and income, unemployment, relationship status, fertility and birth rates, female participation in the workforce, religion, migration, location of residence, modernisation, media reporting, alcohol, and access to suicide methods. Results of the review indicated that rates of suicide mortality (deaths per 100,000 in a population) were sensitive to a wide range of social factors. There were relatively stable associations noted between divorce and unemployment with suicide mortality, while many of the reported associations between suicide mortality and other social variables (such as religion, fertility and female participation in the workforce) were influenced by contextual factors and time. These findings indicate the importance of considering the relationship between social factors and suicide as dynamic phenomena.

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Section: Access To Suicide Methods (N = 21)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Rural Locations (N = 26)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Social-Environmental Factors and Suicide Mortality: A Narrative Review of over 200 Articles

Milner¹,

Hjelmeland²,

Arensman³

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Ozanne-Smith et al [25] similarly conclude that the implementation of a strong reform in New Zealand lowered firearms deaths, particularly suicides. An evaluation of the 1996 National Firearms Agreement (NFA) in Australia documents a decline in firearm suicides after the implementation of the agreement [26]. However, these findings may be confounded with an overall decline in gun ownership that preceded the NFA.…”

Section: Gun Control and Suicide: Empirical Evidencementioning

confidence: 97%

Gun control and suicide: The impact of state firearm regulations in the United States, 1995–2004

2011

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“…(b) is confirmed to function in the way intended by other studies (Azrael, Cook and Miller 2004;Kleck 2004), at least for the cross-section. (c) is supported by evidence that with increased availability of firearms the number of shooting suicides increases (see Klieve, Barnes and De Leo 2009;Klieve, Sveticic and De Leo 2009;Leenaars et al 2003;Kellermann et al 1992 Methods: The panel of ratios is analyzed by a two-way (individual and time) fixed effects panel model on the logarithms. A variant of the estimating equation with a full description of the variables used can be found in Section 4.1.…”

Section: Introduction ½ áòøöó ù ø óòmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Social Costs of Gun Ownership: Spurious Regression and Unfounded Public Policy Advocacy

Westphal

2013

SSRN Journal

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. This version: July 8, 2013 Terms of use: Documents in AbstractIn 2006, a study, published in the Journal of Public Economics, employing a panel regression of 200 U.S. counties across 20 years, found a significant elasticity of homicides with respect to firearms ownership. Based on this finding the authors made the public policy recommendation of taxing gun ownership. However that study fell prey to the ratio fallacy, a trap known since 1896. All the "explanatory power" (goodness-of-fit-wise and significance-wise) of the original analysis was due to regional and intertemporal differences and population being explained by itself. When the ratio fallacy is accounted for, all authors' results can no longer be found. This is illustrated in this paper using a balanced panel from the data for 1980 to 2004. My findings are robust to (i) alternative specifications not subject to the ratio problem, (ii) using only data from 1980 to 1999 as in the original paper, (iii) using an unbalanced panel for 1980 to either 1999 or 2004, (iv) applying weighting as done by the original authors and (v) using data aggregated at the state level.JEL Classifications: C51; H21; I18; K42 Keywords: Gun Ownership; Social Costs; Ratio Fallacy; Spurious Regression a Thanks to participants of a Brown Bag Seminar held at Philipps-University Marburg and to participants of a Seminar on replication studies held at University of Göttingen both in which some good thoughts on the problem were had. Thanks to Bernd Hayo for contributing the 'moving averages' solution for the noisy proxy mentioned in section 7 and to Florian Neumeier for contributing the growth model used in section 6.4.

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Controlling firearms use in Australia: has the 1996 gun law reform produced the decrease in rates of suicide with this method?

Abstract: The implemented restrictions may not be responsible for the observed reductions in firearms suicide. Data suggest that a change in social and cultural attitudes could have contributed to the shift in method preference.

Cited by 60 publications

References 28 publications

Social-Environmental Factors and Suicide Mortality: A Narrative Review of over 200 Articles

Social-Environmental Factors and Suicide Mortality: A Narrative Review of over 200 Articles

Gun control and suicide: The impact of state firearm regulations in the United States, 1995–2004

The Social Costs of Gun Ownership: Spurious Regression and Unfounded Public Policy Advocacy

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