Social-Environmental Factors and Suicide Mortality: A Narrative Review of over 200 Articles

Milner, Allison; Hjelmeland, Heidi; Arensman, Ella; Leo, Diego De

doi:10.4236/sm.2013.32021

Cited by 65 publications

(49 citation statements)

References 212 publications

(275 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…We found no distinct patterns related to caste (although our study is not a population generalizable sample). Larger reviews have found that social position and poverty seemed to contribute to suicide at the individual level, but differences at the country level are difficult to decipher (4, 5, 61). …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide in Nepal: a modified psychological autopsy investigation from randomly selected police cases between 2013 and 2015

Hagaman

Khadka²,

Lohani

et al. 2017

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Purpose Yearly, 600,000 people complete suicide in low- and middle-income countries, accounting for 75% of the world’s burden of suicide mortality. The highest regional rates are in South and East Asia. Nepal has one of the highest suicide rates in the world; however, few investigations exploring patterns surrounding both male and female suicides exist. This study used psychological autopsies to identify common factors, precipitating events, and warning signs in a diverse sample. Methods Randomly sampled from 302 police case reports over 24 months, psychological autopsies were conducted for 39 completed suicide cases in one urban and one rural region of Nepal. Results In the total police sample (n=302), 57% of deaths were male. Over 40% of deaths were 25 years or younger, including 65% of rural and 51% of female suicide deaths. We estimate the crude urban and rural suicide rates to be 16.1 and 22.8 per 100,000 respectively. Within our psychological autopsy sample, 38.5% met criteria for depression and only 23.1% informants believed that the deceased had thoughts of self-harm or suicide before death. Important warning signs include recent geographic migration, alcohol abuse, and family history of suicide. Conclusions Suicide prevention strategies in Nepal should account for the lack of awareness about suicide risk among family members and early age of suicide completion, especially in rural and female populations. Given the low rates of ideation disclosure to friends and family, educating the general public about other signs of suicide may help prevention efforts in Nepal.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicide in Nepal: a modified psychological autopsy investigation from randomly selected police cases between 2013 and 2015

Hagaman

Khadka²,

Lohani

et al. 2017

Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The alcohol intake amount (grams of alcohol) per week was classified into four groups (grams of alcohol per week (drinks per week, with 1 drink as 14 g of alcohol 16 ; non-drinkers, <70 (<5 drinks); 70-209 (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14), 210-419 (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29), and ≥420 (≥30)). The amount consumed (grams of alcohol) per drinking day was classified into four groups (grams of alcohol per drinking day (drinks per occasion); non-drinkers, <70 (<5 drinks); 70-139 (5-9), and ≥140 (≥10)).…”

Section: Estimation Of Usual Alcohol Consumptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usual alcohol consumption and suicide mortality among the Korean elderly in rural communities: Kangwha Cohort Study

Jung

Kim

et al. 2016

J Epidemiol Community Health

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThe evidence from prospective studies on whether greater usual alcohol consumption is associated with a higher risk of death by suicide in the general population is inconclusive.Methods6163 participants (2635 men; 3528 women) in a 1985 survey among rural residents in Korea aged 55 years and above were followed until 2008. A Cox model was used to calculate HRs of suicide death after adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic and health-related confounders.Results37 men and 24 women died by suicide. Elderly persons who consumed alcohol daily, 70 g alcohol (5 drinks) or more per drinking day, or 210 g alcohol (15 drinks) or more per week had higher suicide mortality (p<0.05), compared with non-drinkers. An increase of one drinking day per week (HR=1.17, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.31), 70 g (5 drinks) additional alcohol intake per drinking day (HR=1.38, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.70), and 140 g (10 drinks) additional alcohol intake per week was associated with a 17%, 38% and 12% higher risk of suicide death, respectively. Women had a higher relative risk of suicide death associated with alcohol consumption, compared with men.ConclusionsA greater frequency and amount of usual alcohol consumption was linearly associated with higher suicide death. Given the same amount of alcohol consumption, women might have a higher relative risk of suicide than men. Our findings support ‘the lower the better’ for alcohol intake, no protective effect of moderate alcohol consumption, and a sex-specific guideline (lower alcohol threshold for women) as actions to prevent suicide death.

show abstract

“…Here we examine the dynamic interplay of thoughts, feelings, behaviours and events right up to the hour before self-harm. A dynamic approach to understanding the key factors associated with self-harmful behaviour has been called for in the literature (Milner et al, 2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Uncovering key patterns in self-harm in adolescents: Sequence analysis using the Card Sort Task for Self-harm (CaTS)

Townsend

Wadman

Sayal

et al. 2016

Journal of Affective Disorders

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundSelf-harm is a significant clinical issue in adolescence. There is little research on the interplay of key factors in the months, weeks, days and hours leading to self-harm. We developed the Card Sort Task for Self-harm (CaTS) to investigate the pattern of thoughts, feelings, events and behaviours leading to self-harm.MethodsForty-five young people (aged 13–21 years) with recent repeated self-harm completed the CaTS to describe their first ever/most recent self-harm episode. Lag sequential analysis determined significant transitions in factors leading to self-harm (presented in state transition diagrams).ResultsA significant sequential structure to the card sequences produced was observed demonstrating similarities and important differences in antecedents to first and most recent self-harm. Life-events were distal in the self-harm pathway and more heterogeneous. Of significant clinical concern was that the wish to die and hopelessness emerged as important antecedents in the most recent episode. First ever self-harm was associated with feeling better afterward, but this disappeared for the most recent episode.LimitationsLarger sample sizes are necessary to examine longer chains of sequences and differences in genders, age and type of self-harm. The sample was self-selected with 53% having experience of living in care.ConclusionsThe CaTs offers a systematic approach to understanding the dynamic interplay of factors that lead to self-harm in young people. It offers a method to target key points for intervention in the self-harm pathway. Crucially the factors most proximal to self-harm (negative emotions, impulsivity and access to means) are modifiable with existing clinical interventions.

show abstract

Social-Environmental Factors and Suicide Mortality: A Narrative Review of over 200 Articles

Cited by 65 publications

References 212 publications

Suicide in Nepal: a modified psychological autopsy investigation from randomly selected police cases between 2013 and 2015

Suicide in Nepal: a modified psychological autopsy investigation from randomly selected police cases between 2013 and 2015

Usual alcohol consumption and suicide mortality among the Korean elderly in rural communities: Kangwha Cohort Study

Uncovering key patterns in self-harm in adolescents: Sequence analysis using the Card Sort Task for Self-harm (CaTS)

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About