Controlling the Formation of Capillary Bridges in Binary Liquid Mixtures

Gögelein, Christoph; Brinkmann, Martin; Schröter, Matthias; Herminghaus, Stephan

doi:10.1021/la103062s

Cited by 49 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The contribution of surface tension to the mechanical stability of the packings becomes evident when comparing the range of accessible global volume fractions f g : wet packings have a volume fractions after preparation in the range 0.575-0.591 6 . Continuous vertical shaking (30-6000 s, 30 Hz, maximal acceleration 8 g) increases their f g to only 0.588-0.605.…”

Section: Packing Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also find that within the central region of the packing less than 1% of all liquid domains touch only one particle; and not a single liquid domain involves three touching particles, so called trimers. The latter is expected to change for higher values of h. 6 It was not feasible to increase f g in wet packings above 0.605 because longer shaking lead to crystallization of the sample and we could not use rough container boundaries as this would have led to inhomogeneous liquid distributions. 7 Parameters for image processing: Bilateral filter σ g =4 in units of voxels, σ p =2700 in units of greyvalues and an erosion depth λ=5 voxels.…”

Section: Computing Contact and Bridge Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Everyone who has ever built a sand castle at the beach is familiar with the different mechanical properties of wet and dry granular media. Adding a small amount of a wetting liquid to the particles allows the formation of capillary bridges between particles [1][2][3][4][5][6][7]. These bridges add tensile forces to the packing, resulting in a significantly increased mechanical stability [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]: it is simple to build vertical sand castle walls from wet sand while the same material in its dry state can not form piles with steeper slopes than its angle of repose around 30 • , which is dependent on the friction coefficient of the sand.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural similarity between dry and wet sphere packings

2019

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The mechanical properties of granular materials change significantly in the presence of a wetting liquid which creates capillary bridges between the particles. This results e.g.in a reduced value of the volume fraction when a packing is prepared with added liquid. Here we use x-ray tomography to demonstrate that this change in mechanical properties is not accompanied by structural differences between dry and wet sphere packings when compared at the same volume fraction. We characterize the structure of the packings by the average numbers of contacts of each sphere á ñ Z and the shape isotropy b á ñ 0 2,0 of the Voronoi cells of the particles. Additionally, we show that the number of liquid bridges per sphereá ñ B is approximately equal to á ñ + Z 2, independent of the volume fraction of the packing. These findings will be helpful in guiding the development of both particle-based models and continuum mechanical descriptions of wet granular matter.

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Section: Packing Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Computing Contact and Bridge Numbersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural similarity between dry and wet sphere packings

2019

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“…[11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Additionally, it has recently been shown that the fluid distribution in a particle monolayer in a water-lutidine mixture can be controlled and uniform. 23 In this paper, we characterize the capillarity-induced interactions between vertical cylinders standing upright on a substrate in a pool of liquid. Here the fluid is distributed uniformly, as in rafts and monolayers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tunable Capillary-Induced Attraction between Vertical Cylinders

Rieser¹,

Arratia²,

Yodh³

et al. 2015

Langmuir

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Deformation of a fluid interface caused by the presence of objects at the interface can lead to large lateral forces between the objects. We explore these fluid-mediated attractive force between partially submerged vertical cylinders. numerical computations, and we show that pair-wise contributions account for nearly all of the attractive force between triplets. For cylinders with equilibrium capillary rise height greater than the height of the cylinder, we find that the attractive force depends on the height of the cylinders above the submersion level, which provides a means to create precisely-controlled tunable cohesive forces between objects deforming a fluid interface.

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“…The shape of the capillary bridge depends on the solid surface properties, liquid surface tension, liquid volume, contacting area, and the separation distance between the two surfaces (13)(14)(15)(16)(17). The capillary bridge will exhibit a convex meniscus with positive Gaussian curvature (G = 1 R 1 · 1 R2 , where R 1 and R 2 are the principal radii of curvature) if the liquid/ solid/vapor contact angle, θ, > 90°or a concave meniscus with negative Gaussian curvature if θ < 90° (18,19).…”

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Capillary-bridge–derived particles with negative Gaussian curvature

Wang

McCarthy

2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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We report the preparation of millimeter-scale particles by thermal polymerization of liquid monomer capillary bridges to form catenoid-shaped particles that exhibit negative Gaussian curvature. The shape of the capillary bridges and resulting particles can be finely tuned using several addressable parameters: (i) the shape, size, and orientation of lithographic pinning features on the spanned surfaces; (ii) the distance between opposing support surfaces; and (iii) the lateral displacement (shear) of opposing features. The catenoid-shaped particles exhibit controllable optical properties as a result of their concave menisci, the shape of which can be easily manipulated. The particles self assemble in the presence of a condensing liquid (water) to form reversible neck-toneck pairs and less reversible end-to-end aggregates. We argue that this approach could be scaled down to micrometer dimensions by fabricating an array of micrometer-scale particles. We also argue, with a discussion of dynamic wetting, that these particles will exhibit interesting anisotropic adhesive properties.particle | capillary bridge | catenoid | negative Gaussian curvature | wetting P articles of designed shape and size are central to broad ranges of applications and fundamental studies (1-3). Significant effort has been expended to prepare particles with shapes such as spheres, cages, rods, tubes, and disks, as well as irregular shapes (4-9). It is noteworthy that all of these particles contain surfaces with positive or zero Gaussian curvature. This is understandable due to surface energy minimization during preparation. Although surfaces with negative Gaussian curvature (e.g., saddle-shaped surfaces) have been studied, including analyses of protein folding, soap films, and directed particle assembly (10-12), anisotropic particles with negative Gaussian curvature remain to be explored. Capillary bridges offer a convenient route to particles with this structure.When a droplet of liquid condenses or is placed between two solid surfaces with millimeter-scale or smaller separation, a capillary bridge forms that contains a liquid/air interface (meniscus) with constant mean curvature. The shape of the capillary bridge depends on the solid surface properties, liquid surface tension, liquid volume, contacting area, and the separation distance between the two surfaces (13-17). The capillary bridge will exhibit a convex meniscus with positive Gaussian curvature (G = 1 R 1 · 1 R2 , where R 1 and R 2 are the principal radii of curvature) if the liquid/ solid/vapor contact angle, θ, > 90°or a concave meniscus with negative Gaussian curvature if θ < 90°(18, 19). The latter is the usual situation because most liquids exhibit contact angles of less than 90°on most solids.We recently reported that observing shear distortion and failure of capillary bridges can lend insight into the wetting behavior of patterned and defect-containing surfaces (20). Although it was not our objective, we observed that the shape of capillary bridges between pinning features cou...

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Controlling the Formation of Capillary Bridges in Binary Liquid Mixtures

Cited by 49 publications

References 39 publications

Structural similarity between dry and wet sphere packings

Structural similarity between dry and wet sphere packings

Tunable Capillary-Induced Attraction between Vertical Cylinders

Capillary-bridge–derived particles with negative Gaussian curvature

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