This
article provides a numerical study on carbon nanotube–water
nanofluid convection in a three-dimensional cavity under a magnetic
field effect. Two walls are kept at a hot temperature, and the upper
and lower horizontal walls are considered adiabatic. As a new configuration,
the beneficial effect of using a nanofluid is coupled with the incorporation
of cold V-shape obstacle placed in the cubic cavity; in addition,
an external magnetic field is applied toward the horizontal
x
-axis direction. The finite element method based on the
Galerkin’s Weighted Residual technique is used to solve the
three-dimensional governing equations. In this paper, the ranges of
the parameters used are the Hartmann number, varied from 0 to 100,
Rayleigh number from 10
3
to 10
5
, nanofluid volume
fraction between 0% and 4.5%, and the body V-shaped opening angle
varied from 0 to 80°. The effect of the obstacle shape and the
added nanoparticle concentration on the flow behaviors, the different
instabilities generated, and the heat transfer exchanged were exposed.
An enhancement in heat transfer was recorded by increasing the obstacle
opening angle and the volume fraction of the carbon nanotubes. Special
attention has also been devoted to the calculation of the different
kinds of entropy generations.