Controlling the surface morphologies, structural and magnetic properties of electrochemically fabricated Ni–Co thin film samples via seed layer deposition

Denizli, Çağdaş; Saraç, Umut; Baykul, M. Celalettin

doi:10.1007/s10854-020-02981-z

Cited by 6 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…On th hand, the produced samples were found to have very low squareness ratios rangi 9.2 to 23.6%. Such low squareness ratios correspond to the formation of an in-pla teresis loop with a vertical magnetization component as also observed in electr Ni-Co/ITO and Fe-Co-Ni/ITO thin film samples [21,65]. Furthermore, as clear from Table 1, a gradual increment in the magnetic squareness ratio was detected w Co contents, revealing a decrement in the vertical component of magnetization.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Increasing the content of Co leads to increased tion, increasing the size of the crystal nuclei (magnetic domain) leading to an the coercive field of the material, which is shown in Figure 7. The increase in th field with the Co content may also be attributed to an increment in the surface As clearly evidenced in Figure 8, there was a direct correlation between the roughness and the coercive field as also reported in the electrochemically deposi nary ferromagnetic films of Fe, Co, and Ni [21,24,65,66]. In addiiton, the Fe-Co61-N ple had a much higher coercive field than the Fe-Co33-Ni62 and Fe-Co43-Ni53 sampl abrupt increase in the coercive field with increasing Co contents from 43 to 61 wt also be ascribed to the appearance of the (100) diffraction peak of the hcp phase st of Co.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Compared to the Fe-Co61-Ni36 and Fe-Co43-Ni53 samples, the crys was found to be stronger for the Fe-Co33-Ni62 sample. The size of the crystallites de from 21.6 to 15.6 nm as the Co contents in the sample increased from 33 to 61 w As clearly evidenced in Figure 8, there was a direct correlation between the surface roughness and the coercive field as also reported in the electrochemically deposited ternary ferromagnetic films of Fe, Co, and Ni [21,24,65,66]. In addiiton, the Fe-C o61 -Ni 36 sample had a much higher coercive field than the Fe-Co 33 -Ni 62 and Fe-Co 43 -Ni 53 samples.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…The resul from the magnetic analysis are collected in Table 1. Although all samples exhi romagnetic behavior with a magnetic hardness being between soft [3,17,21,22,24,55,65], the Co contents played a significant role in the coercive coercive field increased considerably from 36 to 121 Oe as the Co contents in th increased from 33 to 61 wt.%. Increasing the content of Co leads to increased tion, increasing the size of the crystal nuclei (magnetic domain) leading to an the coercive field of the material, which is shown in Figure 7.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…The results obtained from the magnetic analysis are collected in Table 1. Although all samples exhibited a ferromagnetic behavior with a magnetic hardness being between soft and hard [3,17,21,22,24,55,65], the Co contents played a significant role in the coercive field. The coercive field increased considerably from 36 to 121 Oe as the Co contents in the samples increased from 33 to 61 wt.%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Electrochemical Deposition of Fe–Co–Ni Samples with Different Co Contents and Characterization of Their Microstructural and Magnetic Properties

et al. 2022

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In this study, to explore the effect of Co contents on the electroplated Fe–Co–Ni samples, three different Fe–Co33–Ni62, Fe–Co43–Ni53, and Fe–Co61–Ni36 samples were electrochemically grown from Plating Solutions (PSs) containing different amounts of Co ions on indium tin oxide substrates. Compositional analysis showed that an increase in the Co ion concentration in the PS gives rise to an increment in the weight fraction of Co in the sample. In all samples, the co–deposition characteristic was described as anomalous. The samples exhibited a predominant reflection from the (111) plane of the face–centered cubic structure. However, the Fe–Co61–Ni36 sample also had a weak reflection from the (100) plane of the hexagonal close–packed structure of Co. An enhancement in the Co contents caused a strong decrement in the crystallinity, resulting in a decrease in the size of the crystallites. The Fe–Co33–Ni62 sample exhibited a more compact surface structure comprising only cauliflower–like agglomerates, while the Fe–Co43–Ni53 and Fe–Co61–Ni36 samples had a surface structure consisting of both pyramidal particles and cauliflower–like agglomerates. The results also revealed that different Co contents play an important role in the surface roughness parameters. From the magnetic analysis of the samples, it was understood that the Fe–Co61–Ni36 sample has a higher coercive field and magnetic squareness ratio than the Fe–Co43–Ni53 and Fe–Co33–Ni62 samples. The differences observed in the magnetic characteristics of the samples were attributed to the changes revealed in their phase structure and surface roughness parameters. The obtained results are the basis for the fabrication of future magnetic devices.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 96%

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Electrochemical Deposition of Fe–Co–Ni Samples with Different Co Contents and Characterization of Their Microstructural and Magnetic Properties

et al. 2022

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Tuning structural properties, morphology and magnetic characteristics of nanostructuredNi‐Co‐Fe/ITOternary alloys by galvanostatic pretreatment process

Saraç

Trong

Baykul

et al. 2022

Microscopy Res & Technique

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In this research, the structural properties, surface morphology, and magnetic characteristics of nanostructured ternary ferromagnetic alloys grown by a cost‐effective and effortless two‐step electrochemical deposition method on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrates with and without a galvanostatic pretreatment process (GPP) were examined. The GPP was applied at various pretreatment current densities (PCDs) such as −10, −20, and − 30 mA/cm2. The effect of the PCD on the Ni, Co, and Fe contents is found to be insignificant and all resultant Ni‐Co‐Fe thin films show an abnormal co‐deposition. The films have nano‐sized crystallites ranging from 17.3 to 19.6 nm and showed a face‐centered cubic structure with the [111] preferential growth. Compared to the non‐GPP applied Ni‐Co‐Fe film, growing the ternary Ni‐Co‐Fe film on ITO at the PCD of −30 mA/cm2 causes an improvement in the crystal quality and a reduction in the particle size from 150 ± 50 to 70 ± 20 nm. A decrement in the surface roughness and coercivity was also achieved by applying the GPP at the PCD of −30 mA/cm2, but the opposite is true for the GPP performed at the PCD of −10 mA/cm2. The GPP has an effect on the magnetic Squareness Ratio (SQR), but the influence of the PCD on the SQR parameter is negligible. The obtained findings reveal that the properties of the Ni‐Co‐Fe/ITO ternary alloys can be tuned through the GPP applied in various PCDs. Highlights • The effect of the PCD on the Ni, Co, and Fe contents is found to be insignificant. • The films have nano‐sized crystallites and showed a face‐centered cubic structure with the [111] preferential growth. • The analysis reveals that the GPP changes the crystal quality, Hc parameter, surface roughness, and particle size of the films. • The GPP has an effect on the magnetic squareness ratio (SQR), but the influence of the PCD on the SQR parameter is negligible. • The films had nano‐sized crystallites ranging from 17.3 to 19.6 nm. • The films were ferromagnetic, and the Hc and SQR parameters of the films ranged from 30.2 to 42.7 Oe and from 8.8% to 19.6%.

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Improvement of some physical and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Fe15–Ni85/ITO thin films by galvanostatic pretreatment process

Saraç

Baykul

Dindiş

et al. 2023

Materials Today Communications

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Controlling the surface morphologies, structural and magnetic properties of electrochemically fabricated Ni–Co thin film samples via seed layer deposition

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

Electrochemical Deposition of Fe–Co–Ni Samples with Different Co Contents and Characterization of Their Microstructural and Magnetic Properties

Electrochemical Deposition of Fe–Co–Ni Samples with Different Co Contents and Characterization of Their Microstructural and Magnetic Properties

Tuning structural properties, morphology and magnetic characteristics of nanostructuredNi‐Co‐Fe/ITOternary alloys by galvanostatic pretreatment process

Improvement of some physical and magnetic properties of nanocrystalline Fe15–Ni85/ITO thin films by galvanostatic pretreatment process

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