Controls on effective settling velocity of suspended sediment in the Eel River flood plume

Hill, Paul S.; Milligan, Timothy G.; Geyer, W. Rockwell

doi:10.1016/s0278-4343(00)00064-9

Cited by 184 publications

(103 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Numerous studies have been carried out in order to elucidate which of these factors-turbulence or TSM-is the more important to floc growth and settling. No general relationship between floc size and settling velocity and turbulence and TSM has been found, either in the laboratory (Krone 1962;Milligan and Hill 1998;Manning and Dyer 1999) or in the field (Berhane et al 1997;Van der Lee 1998;Hill et al 2000).…”

Section: and Dan Moffattmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The flocculation process increases the settling velocity of the fine-grained particles by several orders of magnitude when compared to the settling velocity of their constituent grains contained in them (Pejrup 1988;Hill et al 2000). Hence, flocculation is of great importance in studies of finegrained sediment transport and sediment fluxes in the aquatic environment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, flocculation is of great importance in studies of finegrained sediment transport and sediment fluxes in the aquatic environment. The two properties that are most often used to characterize flocs are their size and settling velocity, as these have implications for sedimentological as well as optical studies (Dyer 1989;Hill et al 2001;Mikkelsen 2002). Also of interest is the structure and composition of the flocs as this can influence floc growth (Leppard et al 1996;Milligan and Hill 1998).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Video-equipped settling columns usually provide floc size and settling velocity data, and several relationships between in situ floc size and settling velocity have been published Sternberg et al 1999;Mikkelsen and Pejrup 2001). Assuming Stokes Law, the densities of the flocs as a function of their size can subsequently be calculated and particle mass and/or settling fluxes can be derived for individual floc size classes (Syvitski et al 1995;Fennessy et al 1997;Hill et al 1998;Sternberg et al 1999;Manning and Dyer 2002).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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INSSECT—an instrumented platform for investigating floc properties close to the seabed

Mikkelsen

Milligan

Hill

et al. 2004

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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A new type of tripod, INSSECT (IN situ Size and SEttling Column Tripod), designed for floc measurements in the shallow parts of the continental shelf, is described. INSSECT orientates itself into the current so that instrumentation on it faces upstream, thereby minimizing flow disturbance. The instrumentation includes a digital floc camera, a video settling column, a unique sediment trap designed for capturing flocs intact, a laser sizer, an optical backscatterance sensor, a compass and tilt meter, and a current meter. It is designed for relatively short deployments of up to 2 weeks and can be recovered, turned around, and redeployed rapidly. It was designed for use in semi-synoptic surveys of the spatial variation in floc properties such as size and settling velocity and the factors that influence them. The paper describes the various components of the INSSECT and presents selected results from the first deployments, demonstrating its ability to turn in the current and capture single flocs intact. Contrary to recent findings on the influence on settling columns on floc size, intercomparison between the video settling column and the digital floc camera reveals that the sizes are similar.

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Section: and Dan Moffattmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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INSSECT—an instrumented platform for investigating floc properties close to the seabed

Mikkelsen

Milligan

Hill

et al. 2004

Limnology & Ocean Methods

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“…Enhanced flocculation in the summer also could account for the decrease in suspended sediment concentration in that season. Flocculation increases the settling velocity of the fine-grained particles by several orders of magnitude (Hill et al, 2000;Mikkelsen et al, 2004), which would lower TSM concentration in the water column in summer.…”

Section: Causes For Annual Cycle Of Tsm Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal variability of total suspended matter in Minas Basin, Bay of Fundy

Tao¹,

Hill²,

Mulligan³

et al. 2014

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

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On the transport modes of fine sediment in the wave boundary layer due to resuspension/deposition: A turbulence‐resolving numerical investigation

Cheng

Hsu

et al. 2015

JGR Oceans

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Previous field observations revealed that the wave boundary layer is one of the main conduits delivering fine sediments from the nearshore to continental shelves. Recently, a series of turbulenceresolving simulations further demonstrated the existence of a range of flow regimes due to different degrees of sediment-induced density stratification controlled by the sediment availability. In this study, we investigate the scenario in which sediment availability is governed by the resuspension/deposition from/to the bed. Specifically, we focus on how the critical shear stress of erosion and the settling velocity can determine the modes of transport. Simulations reveal that at a given wave intensity, which is associated with more energetic muddy shelves and a settling velocity of about 0.5 mm/s, three transport modes, ranging from the well-mixed transport (mode I), two-layer like transport with the formation of lutocline (mode II), and laminarized transport (mode III) are obtained as the critical shear stress of erosion reduces. Moreover, reductions in the settling velocity also yield similar transitions of transport modes. We also demonstrate that the onset of laminarization can be well explained by the reduction of wave-averaged bottom stress to about 0.39 Pa due to attenuated turbulence by sediments. A 2-D parametric map is proposed to characterize the transition from one transport mode to another as a function of the critical shear stress and the settling velocity at a fixed wave intensity.

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Controls on effective settling velocity of suspended sediment in the Eel River flood plume

Cited by 184 publications

References 34 publications

INSSECT—an instrumented platform for investigating floc properties close to the seabed

INSSECT—an instrumented platform for investigating floc properties close to the seabed

Seasonal variability of total suspended matter in Minas Basin, Bay of Fundy

On the transport modes of fine sediment in the wave boundary layer due to resuspension/deposition: A turbulence‐resolving numerical investigation

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