Convective Heat Transfer Coefficients and Clothing Insulations for Parts of the Clothed Human Body Under Airflow Conditions

Local thermal sensation modeling-a review on the necessity and availability of local clothing properties and local metabolic heat production

“…Similar studies were performed by Anttonen & Hiltunen for a military clothing ensemble and by Oguro et al. for a clothing combination of panties, bra, long‐sleeved shirt, trousers, socks, and shoes.…”

Human body micro-environment: The benefits of controlling airflow interaction

“…As a result of the airflow interaction in the vicinity of a human body, the convective heat transfer changes from free convection mode to forced convection mode passing through the mixed (combined) convection mode with both free and forced convective heat transfer [2,5,17,35,36]. The heat transfer is more intensive in the case of mixed and forced convection mode than for the free convection mode.…”

Theoretical analysis of the effects of human movement on the combined free-forced convection

“…Since the advent of thermal manikin in 1940s, researchers have already conducted several experiments to investigate the detailed knowledge of the heat exchanges between the human body and the environment [2][3][4][5][6][7][8], among which it can be speculated that the environment and the posture of the human body affect more for the convective heat transfer than the radiative heat transfer. During the last decade, experimental researches have been focused on the effects of wind speed, wind direction angle, temperature difference, body posture and limbs swing on the convective heat transfer coefficient [9][10][11][12][13][14]. One of the most noted study was by de Dear et al [15], who measured the convective heat transfer coefficients of the human body under different wind speeds and wind direction angles in the wind tunnel, and correlated the convective heat transfer coefficients as a power exponent function of the wind speed.…”