Conventional and two step sintering of PZT-PCN ceramics

Calcium titanate ceramics obtained by combustion synthesis and two-step sintering

“…On the other hand, after leaching out MgO, the as-leached powder (Fig. 3(b)) showed rounded, fine particles of about 240 nm.The approximately round shape of the product particles achieved in this work was consistent with the morphology of calcium titanate powders produced in previous works [3,4,23]. However the particles produced in the present work were smaller in size.…”

“…It was synthesized by the extended heating of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) with one of the calcium compounds powders: calcium oxide (CaO), calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ), calcium nitrate hydrate (Ca(NO 3 ) 2 .4H 2 O), or calcium chloride dehydrate (CaCl 2 .H 2 O) at a high temperature. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. Mechano-chemical synthesis of CaTiO 3 has been carried out with various mixtures of CaCO 3 , calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH) 2 ), CaO and TiO 2 under an extended period of mechanical activation [5,[11][12][13][14][15].…”

An Experimental Study on the Effect of Reverse Two-Step Sintering on Aluminium-Silicon Carbide Metal Matrix Composite

“…Particularly in powder metallurgy, the SiC particles were often selected as one of the appropriate reinforcement element to enhance the aluminum matrix's comprehensive performance and applied in domain of the aerospace and electronic encapsulation, due to its high specific strength and stiffness characteristics as well as the abrasion resistance [2][3][4][5]. Apart from conventional sintering process of aluminum metal matrix composite, the two-step sintering is simple and effective process used to attain grain growth and densification in each stage of the sintering cycle respectively [6][7][8][9]. The present work focuses on the study of density and hardness of Al-SiC composite which was processed through reverse two-step sintering process (R-TSS).…”

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al2O3/ZrO2 composites by two‐step sintering

“…In this step, the mobility of the grain boundary must be extremely slow, due to the locking of the triple junctions, but the diffusion by grain boundary must act, enabling densification. 6,16 TSS is used in many systems, such as PZT-PCN piezoelectric ceramics 17 and barium titanate, 18 hexagonal barium ferrite, 19 Al-doped zinc oxide, 20 hydroxyapatite, 21 Al 2 O 3 , 22 ZrO 2 , 23 and Al 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 system. 24,25 All these systems, sintered using TSS, in different materials, showed that microstructural control was possible.…”

“…TSS is used in many systems, such as PZT‐PCN piezoelectric ceramics 17 and barium titanate, 18 hexagonal barium ferrite, 19 Al‐doped zinc oxide, 20 hydroxyapatite, 21 Al 2 O 3 , 22 ZrO 2 , 23 and Al 2 O 3 /ZrO 2 system 24,25 . All these systems, sintered using TSS, in different materials, showed that microstructural control was possible.…”