Conventional Therapy of Sjogren’s Syndrome

Mavragani, Clio P.; Moutsopoulos, Haralampos Μ.

doi:10.1007/s12016-007-8008-3

Cited by 65 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…It may show as a primary disease without any other accompanying symptoms or as a secondary disease appearing simultaneously with other autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, dermatomyelitis, scleroderma, and primary cirrhosis of the liver. Sjögren syndrome also shows a tendency towards fibromyalgia, migraines, hypothyroidism, Raynaud symptom, and lymphomas [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. One of the most bothering symptoms of the syndrome is xerostomia.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral mucosal manifestations in primary and secondary Sjögren syndrome and dry mouth syndrome

Błochowiak¹,

Olewicz‐Gawlik²,

Polańska³

et al. 2016

pdia

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Introduction One of the most important symptoms of Sjögren syndrome is xerostomia. The oral cavity deprived of saliva and its natural lubricative, protective and antibacterial properties is prone to a number of unfavourable consequences. Aim To present the most important lesions on the oral mucosa in primary and secondary Sjögren syndrome and in dry mouth syndrome. Material and methods The study group comprised 55 patients including 52 women and 3 men aged 20–72 years (average: 28.25 years). Results Basing on the accepted criteria, primary Sjögren syndrome was diagnosed in 22 (40%) patients, secondary Sjögren syndrome in 18 (32.7%) patients, and dry mouth syndrome in 15 (27.27%) patients. The physical examination and the examination of the mouth were performed and history was elicited from every patient. Conclusions The most common pathologies appearing on the oral mucosa in primary and secondary Sjögren syndrome are angular cheilitis, cheilitis, increased lip dryness as well as non-specific ulcerations, aphthae and aphthoid conditions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral mucosal manifestations in primary and secondary Sjögren syndrome and dry mouth syndrome

Błochowiak¹,

Olewicz‐Gawlik²,

Polańska³

et al. 2016

pdia

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“…As well as to prevent, in the treatment of oral infections in patients with pSS the salivary substitutes and local salivary stimulation are the main lines of action aiming to diminishes xerostomia [4,42]. There is no treatment for pSS that can reduce or restore the damages of the glands [43].…”

Section: Prevention Of Symptoms In Oral Cavity and Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Primary Sjӧgren’s Syndrome and Oral Cavity Disorders

Soares¹

2017

IJDM

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Sjögren's Syndrome (SS) is one of the three most common autoimmune diseases in the world, which affects the exocrine glands, specifically the salivary and lacrimal glands. Primary SS (pSS) particularly affects only the exocrine glands, while secondary SS is associated with other systemic autoimmune pathologies. SS is characterized, histopathologically, by an inflammatory lymphocytic infiltrate that interferes with the normal gland function. It affects 0, 5% of the world population, being more common in women (9:1 versus men), mainly around 50 years old, after the menopause. The medical dentist role is very important in the diagnosis of pSS, as in most cases he is the one who detects the first symptoms, in particular dry mouth or xerostomia. The primary syndrome doesn't have a painful development, being dry mouth and eye dryness the most prominent clinical characteristics. The majority of the oral evidences are consequence of salivary glands hypofunction: dental caries, periodontal disease or fungal infections. Along with hyposalivation and xerostomia communication disorders can occur like dysphagia and pharyngeal dryness leading to difficulties in speech and voice fatigue. These last ones have a negative impact in the patients quality of life although a large percentage don't seek professional help. There is a need for awareness of the voice disorders associate with pSS referring the patients to proper professional help. The treatment of pSS is empirical, symptomatic and aimed at dealing with the complications during the early-stages of the disease consisting of limiting the xerostomia and xerophthalmia damages.

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“…Mouth hygiene, thorough dental follow-up, stimulation of salivary flow (sugar-free gum or citrus juice) and administration of saliva substitutes are generally advised for the management of oral dryness. 59 Salivary substitutes have been shown to improve subjective symptoms of oral dryness (e.g., burning mouth, difficulties with mastication and swallowing) without affecting the rate of salivary output. 60 Painful enlargement of salivary glands can be alleviated by local application of moist heat and administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs after bacterial infection and lymphoma have been ruled out.…”

Section: • Autoimmune Thyroid Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therapeutic options for the systemic manifestations of Sjögren syndrome are shown in Table 2. 59,66,72,73 In patients for whom arthralgia or myalgia is the predominant symptom, hydroxychloroquine therapy has been shown to improve arthralgia, myalgia and joint inflammation; methotrexate can be used in cases of inflammatory arthritis. 72,74 For cases of persistent arthritis, rituximab has been shown to significantly improve the tender and swollen joint count.…”

Section: • Autoimmune Thyroid Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%

Sjögren syndrome

Mavragani

Moutsopoulos

2014

CMAJ

Self Cite

159

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S jögren syndrome is a chronic, systemic disorder of an autoimmune nature. It is characterized by lymphocytic infiltration of the exocrine (mainly salivary and lacrimal) glands and by remarkable B-cell hyperactivity. The latter is manifested by hyper gam maglobulinemia and the presence of serum autoantibodies, including antinuclear antibodies, rheumatoid factor, cryoprecipitable immunoglobulins and antibodies against two ribonucleoproteinic complexes named Ro/SSA and La/SSB; these antibodies are considered hallmarks of the disease. 1,2Although their exact role is not known, recent data suggest that antibodies against the Ro52 component of the Ro/SSA antigen (a 52kD protein that inhibits proinflammatory responses) might inhibit its regulatory function.3 The condition is nine times more common among women than among men, with peak onset during menopause.1 A recent review suggests that the prevalence ranges from 0.1% to 4.8%, 1 with rates increasing with advanced age.4,5 Heterogeneity in inclusion criteria, ethnic origin, sample size and sex distribution between studies contributed to the observed variability.Although Sjögren syndrome is classically considered to be localized disease of the exo crine glands, mainly manifested with oral and ocular dryness, it also has a wide range of systemic clinical manifestations that affect essentially any organ system, and a small number of cases are complicated by the development of non-Hodgkin lymphoma.1,6 Secondary Sjögren syndrome is associated with an established connective-tissue disease.As is the case for many autoimmune diseases, the primary etiopathogenetic events are not known. The current hypothesis is that an interplay between environmental contributors (e.g., viruses, stress, hormones) and the patient's genetic background can lead to inflammatory responses against epithelial tissues. In this review, we summarize the current evidence, mostly from observational, open-label and randomized clinical trials, for the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and management of Sjögren syndrome (Box 1). What are the clinical features of Sjögren syndrome?The clinical features of Sjögren syndrome can be largely divided into those related to exocrine dysfunction (glandular) and those that affect organs other than the exocrine glands (extraglandular or systemic). The latter can be further divided into nonspecific features, those characterized by periepithelial infiltrates in parenchymal organs and those that result from immunocomplex deposition as a result of B-cell hyperactivity. 7,8 Most patients with Sjögren syndrome (about 90%) have an indolent benign course; however, a small but important number of cases (5%-10%) are complicated by immunocomplex pathology and lymphoid neoplasia, both of which are associated with high mortality (a 3.25-fold increase compared with the general population). 6,7,9

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Conventional Therapy of Sjogren’s Syndrome

Cited by 65 publications

References 54 publications

Oral mucosal manifestations in primary and secondary Sjögren syndrome and dry mouth syndrome

Oral mucosal manifestations in primary and secondary Sjögren syndrome and dry mouth syndrome

Primary Sjӧgren’s Syndrome and Oral Cavity Disorders

Sjögren syndrome

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