Convergent human and climate forcing of late-Holocene flooding in Northwest England

Schillereff, Daniel; Chiverrell, R. C.; Macdonald, Neil; Hooke, Janet; Welsh, KE; Piliposian, G.T.; Croudace, Ian W.

doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2019.102998

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 100 publications

(151 reference statements)

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“…In all cores linear interpolation between the deepest 210 Pb activity and the upper most radiocarbon date in the corresponding piston cores (Table 2) yielded LSR an order of magnitude lower than those generated by the CF:CS model in the upper part of the core. This increase in sedimentation since the 19 th century is consistent with other studies in the area, and could have a number of causes including increases in land erosion due to agriculture and increases in biogenic sediment as a result of increased primary productivity in the lake (Sabater and Haworth, 1995;Schillereff et al, 2019).…”

Section: Age-depth Modelsupporting

confidence: 90%

Tracing lake pollution, eutrophication and partial recovery from the sediments of Windermere, UK, using geochemistry and sediment microfabrics

Fielding

Croudace

Kemp

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

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Many lakes undergo anthropogenically driven eutrophication and pollution leading to decreased water and sediment quality. These effects can enhance seasonally changing lake redox conditions that may concentrate potentially toxic elements. Here we report the results of a multi-method geochemical and sediment microfabric analysis applied to reconstruct the history of cultural eutrophication and pollution of the North and South Basins of Windermere, UK. Eutrophication developed from the mid-19th to the earliest 20th centuries.Enhanced lake productivity is indicated by increased sedimentary δ 13 C, and increased pollution by a higher concentration of metals (Pb, Hg, and As) in the sediment, likely enhanced by incorporation and adsorption to settling diatom aggregates, preserved as sedimentary laminae. In the South Basin, increasing sediment δ 15 N values occur in step with Zn, Hg, and Cu, linking metal enrichment to isotopically heavy nitrate (N) from anthropogenic sources. From around 1930, decreases in Mn and Fe-rich laminae indicate reduced deep-water ventilation, whereas periods of sediment anoxia increased, being most severe in the deeper North Basin. Strongly reducing sediment conditions promoted Fe and Mn reduction and Pb-bearing barite formation, hitherto only described from toxic mine wastes and contaminated soils. From 1980 there was an increase in indicators of bottom water oxygenation, although not to before 1930. But in the South Basin, the continued impacts of sewage is indicated by elevated sediment δ 15 N. Imaging and X-ray microanalysis using scanning electron microscopy has shown seasonal-scale redox mineralisation of Mn, Fe, and Ba related to intermittent sediment anoxia. Elevated concentrations of these metals and As also occur in the surficial sediment and provide evidence for dynamic redox mobilisation of potentially toxic elements to the lake water. Concentrations of As (up to 80 ppm), exceed international Sediment Quality Standards. This process may become more prevalent in the future with climate change driving lengthened summer stratification.

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Section: Age-depth Modelsupporting

confidence: 90%

Tracing lake pollution, eutrophication and partial recovery from the sediments of Windermere, UK, using geochemistry and sediment microfabrics

Fielding

Croudace

Kemp

et al. 2020

Science of The Total Environment

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“…Brown found the biggest impact was made by the NAO (the difference in sea-level pressure between Iceland and the Azores), a positive NAO increases the likelihood of extra-tropical cyclones developing over the North Atlantic. This relationship is further demonstrated by Richardson et al (2017) and Schillereff et al (2019) which both show a negative NAO correlates strongly with increased high-river flows.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 66%

Identifying and interpreting extreme rainfall events using image classification

Barnes

McCullen

Kjeldsen

2021

Journal of Hydroinformatics

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This study presents the first attempt to identify extreme rainfall events based on surrounding sea-level pressure anomalies, using neural network-based classification. Sensitivity analysis was also performed to identify the spatial importance of sea-level pressure anomalies. Three classification models were generated: the first classifies the patterns between extreme and regular rainfall events in the north west of England, the second classifies the patterns between extreme and regular rainfall events in the south east of England, and the third classifies between the patterns of extreme events in the north west and south east of England. All classifiers obtain accuracies between 60 and 65%, with precision and recall metrics showing that extreme events are easier to identify than regular events. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed to identify the spatial importance of the patterns across the North Atlantic, highlighting that for all three classifiers the local anomaly sea-level pressure patterns around the British Isles are key to determining the difference between extreme and regular rainfall events. In contrast, the pattern across the mid and western North Atlantic shows no contribution to the overall classifications.

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“…Since the empirically determined value of F Pb is 0.47, it appears that the bulk of 210 Pb in the water column of Brotherswater is transported on particulates with a mean size of around 3-4 lm. The particle size analyses carried out by Schillereff et al (2019) revealed the presence of three members (Fig. 7), EM1 (mean particle size 3.21 lm), EM2 (15.65 lm) and EM3 (213.22 lm).…”

Section: Mean Particle Size For Sediments Transporting 210 Pbmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…The bathymetry of the lake (Fig. 1) is dominated by a central flat profundal zone with a maximum depth of 18 m. A recent more accurate survey (Schillereff et al 2019) has determined the lake volume to be 1.33 9 10 6 m 3 , and the mean depth 7.8 m.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The transport and mass balance of fallout radionuclides in Brotherswater, Cumbria (UK)

et al. 2019

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This paper investigates the role of intervening transport processes on lake sediment records of the atmospherically deposited radionuclides 210 Pb and 137 Cs. Brotherswater is of particular interest to this issue in that its large catchment/lake area ratio and short water residence time are likely to amplify the influence of these processes, both from the catchment and through the water column. Brotherswater is also unique in being the site of two earlier multicore studies that, together with the present study, span a period of 4 decades. Measurements of fallout radionuclides were made on soil cores, suspended sediments and sediment

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Convergent human and climate forcing of late-Holocene flooding in Northwest England

Cited by 13 publications

References 100 publications

Tracing lake pollution, eutrophication and partial recovery from the sediments of Windermere, UK, using geochemistry and sediment microfabrics

Tracing lake pollution, eutrophication and partial recovery from the sediments of Windermere, UK, using geochemistry and sediment microfabrics

Identifying and interpreting extreme rainfall events using image classification

The transport and mass balance of fallout radionuclides in Brotherswater, Cumbria (UK)

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