Conversaciones en centros residenciales de personas mayores durante la covid-19: impacto en las profesionales de los cuidados

Abstract

Este artículo analiza la experiencia durante la crisis de la covid-19 de 146 profesionales que aplican el enfoque de atención centrada en la persona en residencias de personas mayores. Según los testimonios, la crisis tuvo efectos globales y provocó un cambio brusco en los vínculos relacionales sobre los que se sustenta la atención centrada en las personas. La certeza que recompone estos vínculos se encuentra en la pertenencia, el propósito, el equipo, la confianza y una actitud positiva. La información, la participación, el reconocimiento y los lugares de encuentro se identifican como estrategias promotoras de bienestar, no solo en situaciones de emergencia sanitaria sino también como acciones estables en contextos de cuidados centrados en las personas.

Long-Term Care Facilities and Nursing Homes during the First Wave of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Scoping Review of the Perspectives of Professionals, Families and Residents

“…Of the 16 studies included, 2 were conducted in the USA [ 32 , 33 ], 3 in the United Kingdom [ 34 , 35 , 36 ], 1 in Australia [ 37 ], 1 in Germany [ 38 ], 1 in Canada [ 39 ], 1 in Sweden [ 40 ], 1 in Spain [ 41 ], 3 in the Netherlands [ 42 , 43 , 44 ], 1 in Slovenia [ 45 ], 1 in Malaysia [ 46 ], and 1 in several Latin American (Peru, Mexico) and European (Spain and Italy) countries [ 47 ]. Fifteen were in English and only one was in Spanish [ 41 ].…”

“…With regard to methodology, the 16 studies included 5 mixed methods studies [ 38 , 39 , 42 , 43 , 45 ], 7 qualitative studies [ 32 , 34 , 35 , 37 , 41 , 46 , 47 ], 1 short report [ 36 ], 1 rapid scoping review [ 44 ], and 2 studies using another approach such as a letter or report containing a first-hand testimony [ 33 , 40 ].…”

“…The results obtained show that nursing homes had difficulty with organising and managing material and human resources to respond to the pandemic [ 32 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 45 , 47 ], as well as revealing the emotional exhaustion experienced among residents, employees, and family members [ 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ].…”

“…During the early weeks of the pandemic, there were shortages of PPE and cleaning products (disinfectant, bin liners, etc.). To prevent contagion, employees had to minimise personal contact with residents, which had a negative impact on their care [ 32 , 34 , 40 , 41 , 43 , 47 ]. The identification of clean and contaminated areas was carried out in a makeshift manner due to a lack of clear guidelines from managers [ 32 , 40 ].…”

“…Visits were limited and exhaustively recorded, while families were subjected to preventive hygiene measures such as compulsory PPE and authorisation of only one relative or main carer to visit residents [ 32 ]. Despite this, family visits to residents receiving end-of-life care (compassionate care visits) continued [ 32 , 41 , 42 ].…”