Converse piezoelectric effect detected in fresh cow femur bone

Blast-induced electromagnetic fields in the brain from bone piezoelectricity

“…Bur (1976) studied bone piezoelectric properties as a function of temperature and humidity in the range 10 − 2 to 10 2 Hz. An extensive summary of these measurements can be found in Singh and Katz (1988), and more recent measurements were described in Halperin et al, (2004) and Aschero et al, (1996). These values were all measured for animal or human tibias and femurs, and the measured piezoelectric coefficients have some variability (within the same order of magnitude).…”

“…Finally, much larger EM fields can be generated when the high-pressure blast wave impacts a piezoelectric material Shkuratov et al, 2004), which polarizes even in response to low pressures (and are therefore used as pressure sensors and actuators for a variety of applications (Crawley and de Luis, 1987;Anderson and Hagood, 1994;Near, 1996;Shkuratov et al, 2004)). Here, the key fact is that bone is known to be a strong piezoelectric material (Fukada and Yasuda, 1957;Bassett and Becker, 1962;Cochran et al, 1989;Black and Korostoff, 1974;Reinish and Nowick;Pfeiffer, 1977;Bur, 1976;Singh and Katz, 1988;Williams and Breger, 1975;Halperin et al, 2004;Aschero et al, 1996): even though a polarized piezoelectric material is neutral (no net charge) and the resulting fields are short range, the adjacency of skull bone to the cerebral cortex means that even short-range fields may be relevant to TBI if they are strong enough.…”

Thermoelectroelastic solutions for surface bone remodeling under axial and transverse loads

“…Demiray [10] gave some theoretical descriptions on electromechanical remodeling models of bones. Aschero et al [11] investigated converse piezoelectric effect of fresh bone by using a high-sensitive dilatometer. They provided further investigations on piezoelectric properties of bone and presented a set of repeated measurements of coefficient d 23 on 25 cow bone samples [12].…”

Biomineralogical Investigation of Apatite Piezoelectricity

“…This phenomenon is exceedingly important due to the physicochemical equilibrium that occurs between the bone trabeculae and substances found in the spaces between the trabeculae. Presence of electrical phenomena in bones was unequivocally and doubtlessly proven [2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. That means that even minor mechanical impact on bones may change the electrical potentials inside and around them, which in turn affects the biochemical processes.…”