Conversion of Biowaste into Larnite by Sol‐Gel Combustion Route for Biomedical Applications

Abstract

The conversion of waste product into a valuable material can significantly reduce the environmental pollution. In present study, eggshell waste was utilized to synthesize larnite (Ca2SiO4) at 850 °C via sol‐gel assisted combustion method. TG/DSC, FT‐IR, XRD and SEM/EDX were utilized to characterize the larnite sample. The biomineralization study clearly indicates that larnite has the ability to induce apatite formation on its surface within 3 days, after immersion in the simulated body fluid medium. According to the microscopic investigation, spherical beads like morphology confirmed the apatite deposition on the surface of larnite scaffold. Also, larnite showed significant resistance against the growth of clinical pathogens at a low concentration of 2 mg/mL. The observations suggest that larnite could be used as a coating material over the inert orthopaedic implants in the field of biomedical applications.

Investigation on the Synthesis, Biomineralization, Mechanical Strength and Biocompatibility of Rankinite Bioceramics Derived from Eggshell and Rice Husk Waste for Biomedical Applications

“…Whereas bending vibrations of PO 4 3− showed the absorption bands at 462, 556 and 597 cm −1 . The presence of vibrational bands at 1413 and 1468 cm −1 confirmed the presence of CO 3 2− stretching vibrations which indicates the formation of carbonated apatite on scaffold's surface [9,10] . Bending vibration of H 2 O was observed at 1631 cm −1 whereas stretching vibration of O−H absorption band corresponds to 3374 cm −1 [9,29] .…”

“…The presence of vibrational bands at 1413 and 1468 cm À 1 confirmed the presence of CO 3 2À stretching vibrations which indicates the formation of carbonated apatite on scaffold's surface. [9,10] Bending vibration of H 2 O was observed at 1631 cm À 1 whereas stretching vibration of OÀ H absorption band corresponds to 3374 cm À 1 . [9,29] From Figure 9, SEM micrographs revealed the deposition of HAp with beads like morphology over the scaffold's surface.…”

“…[9,10] Bending vibration of H 2 O was observed at 1631 cm À 1 whereas stretching vibration of OÀ H absorption band corresponds to 3374 cm À 1 . [9,29] From Figure 9, SEM micrographs revealed the deposition of HAp with beads like morphology over the scaffold's surface. The EDX spectrum further confirmed the formation of HAp with the presence of essential ions including Ca and P peaks and the CaÀ P ratio was found to be about 1.74 which was closer to that of HAp (1.67).…”

“…[7] Calcium silicates (CS) were found to show higher rate of apatite deposition with better cell response towards the human body. [9] Among the calcium silicates, wollastonite and larnite were found to be investigated a lot due to its biological response which made them to be promoted as better implant materials. [3,9] Moreover, reports exhibited that chemical composition played a vital role in tuning the properties of the material.…”

“…[9] Among the calcium silicates, wollastonite and larnite were found to be investigated a lot due to its biological response which made them to be promoted as better implant materials. [3,9] Moreover, reports exhibited that chemical composition played a vital role in tuning the properties of the material. Rankinite being a tricalcium silicate with greater silica and calcium concentration compared to other CS's which will be helpful in creating a bone graft material with improved cell response and biological properties.…”