Conversion of cacao pod husks by pyrolysis and catalytic reaction to produce useful chemicals

Mansur, Dieni; Tago, Teruoki; Masuda, Toshio; Abimanyu, Haznan

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.03.065

Cited by 81 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…Moreover, metal oxides have been utilized in the decomposition of glycerol [20,21], cacao pod husks [22], 10 lignin [23], pyroligneous acid [24], and ethanol fermentation stillage [25] to give useful materials. Compared with AR, the concentration of heavy components such as VR (vacuum residue) and asphaltenes is much higher in bitumen, which means that carbonaceous residues and coke are easily formed during its decomposition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading of oil sand bitumen over an iron oxide catalyst using sub- and super-critical water

Kondoh

Nakasaka

Kitaguchi

et al. 2016

Fuel Processing Technology

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Upgrading of oil sand bitumen was examined using a catalyst consisting of CeO 2 -ZrO 2 -Al 2 O 3 -FeO X and sub-and super-critical water in two reactor types: batch-type and fixed-bed flow-type. Bitumen diluted with benzene was used as a feedstock, and the effects of reaction pressure and temperature on product yield were 5 investigated. Under conditions of high pressure (approximately 19 MPa), catalytic decomposition of bitumen proceeded effectively over the FeO X -based catalyst, with the yield of lighter components such as gas oil and vacuum gas oil (VGO) reaching 70 mol%-C at a reaction temperature of 693 K. Moreover, because coke formation on the catalyst was suppressed (less than 10 mol%-C under optimized reaction pressure and 10 temperature), the FeO X -based catalyst showed excellent durability and reusability for catalytic decomposition of bitumen.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upgrading of oil sand bitumen over an iron oxide catalyst using sub- and super-critical water

Kondoh

Nakasaka

Kitaguchi

et al. 2016

Fuel Processing Technology

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“…Projects have been performed aiming to establish alternatives for adding value to these residues. Some scientists analyzed the utilization of cocoa pod husks as green solid base catalysts for transesterification of oils (Ofori-Boateng & TeongLee, 2013), as a source of proteins (Serra & Ventura, 1999), pectins (Vriesmann et al, 2011) (Vriesmann, Teófilo & de Oliveira, 2012) or other useful chemicals (Mansur, Tago, Masuda & Abimanyu, 2014), and as a raw material of the densification process (Syamsiro, Saptoadi, Tambunan & Pambudi, 2012). This work aims to identify the effect of using cocoa pod husks as an additive to sawdust and coal pellets, and the incidence of particle size on the mechanical properties of mixed biomass pellets made.…”

Section: Introduction 1234mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of particle size and addition of cocoa pod husk on the properties of sawdust and coal pellets

Núñez¹,

Jochum²,

Sierra³

2015

ing.inv.

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The continuous increase of the world energy demand, the rise of fossil fuels costs, and the strong environmental policies around the globe are some of the reasons for the wood pellets industry increase. However, there are some other available biomass feedstocks capable of being densified for energy production. Among the various options, the use of mixed biomass pellets is becoming remarkable due to the wide variety of species, although more research is needed in order to enhance the mechanical properties of these pellets. This study aims to identify the effect of particle size on the mechanical properties of sawdust and coal pellets when cocoa pod husks are used as an additive. Cocoa pod husks have a similar composition to sawdust and less sulfur and nitrogen than coal. Thus, the use of this additive might decrease the environmental impact during coal pellets combustion. Results show an attractive potential of cocoa pod husks grinds for pellet production, an increase of the durability of coal pellets mixed with this raw material, and similar performance between cocoa pod husks and sawdust pellets. The compression ratio, the compressive and impact resistance varied linearly with the addition of cocoa pod husks.Keywords: Biomass, coal, cocoa pod husks, densification, pellets, sawdust. RESUMENEl incremento en la demanda de energía a nivel mundial, el alza en los precios de combustibles fósiles y las fuertes políticas ambientales son algunas de las razones del crecimiento de la industria de los pellets de madera. Sin embargo, existen otras materias primas disponibles que pueden ser densificadas para la producción de energía. Dadas las diferentes opciones, el uso de pellets mixtos de biomasa se ha convertido en una opción favorable, a pesar de que es necesaria una mayor investigación con el fin de mejorar las propiedades mecánicas de los pellets. Este estudio tiene como objetivo identificar el efecto del tamaño de partícula sobre las propiedades mecánicas de los pellets de aserrín y carbón cuando la cáscara de cacao se usa como aditivo. Las cascaras de caco tienen una composición similar al aserrín y menos contenido de azufre y nitrógeno que el carbón. Por lo tanto el uso de este aditivo puede disminuir el impacto ambiental durante la combustión de pellets de carbón. Los resultados muestran un potencial atractivo para la producción de pellets con cacao molido, un incremento de la durabilidad de los pellets de carbón mezclados con esta materia prima y un rendimiento similar entre los pellets de cacao y aserrín. La relación de compresión, la resistencia a la compresión y al impacto variaron linealmente con la adición de cáscara de cacao.

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“…Another method involves the use of a zeolite catalyst, which is commonly used for the treatment of oil and which can be applied to bio‐oil . The influences of metal oxide catalysts on the quality and quantity of pyrolysis yields have been studied and evaluated extensively in the literature . In particular, metal oxides as catalysts are effective catalysts on the decomposition temperature of the biomass.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…20 The influences of metal oxide catalysts on the quality and quantity of pyrolysis yields have been studied and evaluated extensively in the literature. [21][22][23][24][25] In particular, metal oxides as catalysts are effective catalysts on the decomposition temperature of the biomass. For instance, by using an alumina-supported transition metal catalyst such as Cu/Al 2 O 3 in the pyrolysis process, volatile gases at lower temperatures can be removed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of catalytic and noncatalytic pyrolysis and product yields of some waste biomass species

2019

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Summary The products obtained by fast pyrolysis of biomass can be used as an energy source or chemical raw material. In this study, samples of hazelnut shells, tea bush, and hazelnut knot selected as waste biomass were from the cities of Trabzon and Rize in the Eastern Black Sea Region. Firstly, the waste biomass samples were granulated into four different particle sizes by milling and sieving operations. Fast pyrolysis of the samples with specific mixing rates was carried out in a fixed bed reactor. Additionally, 2 wt% vanadium (V) oxide (V2O5) was used as catalyst to maximize the yield of pyrolysis liquid products. The influence of temperature, heating rate, and particle size on fast pyrolysis yields under both catalytic and noncatalytic conditions were investigated and compared. While the amount of liquid product increased with the addition of catalyst, the amount of solid products decreased. It has been found that the temperature and heating rate parameters are very effective in liquid product yield. In all experiments, the maximum liquid yield was acquired at the same heating rate of 450°C min−1 and the temperature of 450°C with particle size of 0.5 to 1.0 mm. The maximum pyrolysis liquid (bio‐oil) was obtained with catalytic pyrolysis, and this value was 60.58 wt%.

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Conversion of cacao pod husks by pyrolysis and catalytic reaction to produce useful chemicals

Cited by 81 publications

References 22 publications

Upgrading of oil sand bitumen over an iron oxide catalyst using sub- and super-critical water

Upgrading of oil sand bitumen over an iron oxide catalyst using sub- and super-critical water

Effect of particle size and addition of cocoa pod husk on the properties of sawdust and coal pellets

Comparison of catalytic and noncatalytic pyrolysis and product yields of some waste biomass species

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