Conversion of Carbohydrates Under Microwave Heating

Richel, Aurore; Paquot, Michel

doi:10.5772/50628

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…As exemplified in Figure 2, the main objective of our study is to specifically induce the desulfation of the natural saponins without decomposing the glycan-aglycone skeleton. As recently exploited to successfully hydrolyze the bidesmosidic quinoa saponins [30], we targeted the alkaline desulfation of saponins under microwave conditions, that are often demonstrated to shorten the reaction times due to a faster and more homogeneous heating, while avoiding undesired side reactions [46]. When optimizing the microwave-assisted desulfation of saponins, several parameters must be considered.…”

Section: Selective Microwave-assisted Desulfation Of Saponinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present study, we intend to investigate whether the saponins present in the viscera of H. scabra may be selectively and quantitatively desulfated under microwave conditions, that were demonstrated to afford a fast and homogeneous heating, reaching high selectivity by avoiding side reactions [46]. We will further test the impact of the desulfation on the cytotoxicity of the saponins against mammal red blood cells by comparing the HA of the unmodified and modified saponins.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microwave-Assisted Desulfation of the Hemolytic Saponins Extracted from Holothuria scabra Viscera

et al. 2022

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Saponins are plant and marine animal specific metabolites that are commonly considered as molecular vectors for chemical defenses against unicellular and pluricellular organisms. Their toxicity is attributed to their membranolytic properties. Modifying the molecular structures of saponins by quantitative and selective chemical reactions is increasingly considered to tune the biological properties of these molecules (i) to prepare congeners with specific activities for biomedical applications and (ii) to afford experimental data related to their structure–activity relationship. In the present study, we focused on the sulfated saponins contained in the viscera of Holothuria scabra, a sea cucumber present in the Indian Ocean and abundantly consumed on the Asian food market. Using mass spectrometry, we first qualitatively and quantitatively assessed the saponin content within the viscera of H. scabra. We detected 26 sulfated saponins presenting 5 different elemental compositions. Microwave activation under alkaline conditions in aqueous solutions was developed and optimized to quantitatively and specifically induce the desulfation of the natural saponins, by a specific loss of H2SO4. By comparing the hemolytic activities of the natural and desulfated extracts, we clearly identified the sulfate function as highly responsible for the saponin toxicity.

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Section: Selective Microwave-assisted Desulfation Of Saponinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave-Assisted Desulfation of the Hemolytic Saponins Extracted from Holothuria scabra Viscera

et al. 2022

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“…The microwave hydrothermal carbonization method was suggested to solve these disadvantages. Over the years, microwave technology has been used to substitute standard heating with carbohydrate [90,91] digestion, sterilisation [92], synthesis [93], and recently the dry pyrolysis method of the biomass feedstock to produce char and gas [56,94,95]. Besides the benefit of shorter periods of residence, microwave heating provides fast, selective, and volumetric heating, promoting fresh response paths and appropriate conditions for new products [96,97].In conclusion, the operational considerations are met by the accurate and well-regulated nature of microwave technology and its prospective portable processing capability (owing to the comparatively small size of a reactor) [98].…”

Section: Microwave Technologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts of Biomass Valorisation: A Strategic Drive for Sustainable Bioeconomy

et al. 2021

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In the late twentieth century, the only cost-effective opportunity for waste removal cost at least several thousand dollars, but nowadays, a lot of improvement has occurred. The biomass and waste generation problems attracted concerned authorities to identify and provide environmentally friendly sustainable solutions that possess environmental and economic benefits. The present study emphasises the valorisation of biomass and waste produced by domestic and industrial sectors. Therefore, substantial research is ongoing to replace the traditional treatment methods that potentially acquire less detrimental effects. Synthetic biology can be a unique platform that invites all the relevant characters for designing and assembling an efficient program that could be useful to handle the increasing threat for human beings. In the future, these engineered methods will not only revolutionise our lives but practically lead us to get cheaper biofuels, producing bioenergy, pharmaceutics, and various biochemicals. The bioaugmentation approach concomitant with microbial fuel cells (MFC) is an example that is used to produce electricity from municipal waste, which is directly associated with the loading of waste. Beyond the traditional opportunities, herein, we have spotlighted the new advances in pertinent technology closely related to production and reduction approaches. Various integrated modern techniques and aspects related to the industrial sector are also discussed with suitable examples, including green energy and other industrially relevant products. However, many problems persist in present-day technology that requires essential efforts to handle thoroughly because significant valorisation of biomass and waste involves integrated methods for timely detection, classification, and separation. We reviewed and proposed the anticipated dispensation methods to overcome the growing stream of biomass and waste at a distinct and organisational scale.

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“…The literature offers many examples of 5-HMF production routes comprising thermally induced dehydration of fructose, typically in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) over homogeneous acid catalysts (HCl, H 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , oxalic or levulinic acid) [31][32][33][34]. However, despite the high 5-HMF yields (40 to 60%) obtained via homogenous catalysis, in such processes, the catalysts are difficult to recover and reuse, require energy-intensive separation, and are frequently responsible for equipment corrosion [35,36]. Moreover, low product selectivity and stability are contemporary challenges impeding the broad implementation and commercialization of many catalytic biomass conversion processes [37].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of the Microwave Effect in the Synthesis of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural over Sulfonated MIL-101(Cr)

et al. 2023

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The potential benefits of microwave irradiation for fructose dehydration into 5 hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF) have been quantified over a sulfonated metal–organic framework (MOF), MIL 101(Cr)-SO3H. The effects of temperature (140–170 °C), batch time (5–300 min), and catalyst-to-substrate ratio (0.1–0.01 g/g) were systematically mapped. After 10 min of microwave (MW) irradiation at 140 °C in a DMSO–acetone reaction medium, practically complete fructose conversion was obtained with a 70% yield of 5-HMF. Without MW, i.e., using conventional heating (CH) at the same conditions, the fructose conversion was limited to 13% without any 5-HMF yield. Rather, 90 min of CH was required to reach a similarly high conversion and yield. The profound impact of moving from CH towards MW conditions on the reaction kinetics, also denoted as the microwave effect, has been quantified through kinetic modeling via a change in the Gibbs free energy of the transition state. The modeling results revealed an eight-fold rate coefficient enhancement for fructose dehydration owing to MW irradiation, while the temperature dependence of the various reaction steps almost completely disappeared in the investigated range of operating conditions.

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Conversion of Carbohydrates Under Microwave Heating

Cited by 11 publications

References 39 publications

Microwave-Assisted Desulfation of the Hemolytic Saponins Extracted from Holothuria scabra Viscera

Microwave-Assisted Desulfation of the Hemolytic Saponins Extracted from Holothuria scabra Viscera

Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts of Biomass Valorisation: A Strategic Drive for Sustainable Bioeconomy

Quantification of the Microwave Effect in the Synthesis of 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural over Sulfonated MIL-101(Cr)

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