Conversion of de-ashed cocoa pod husk into high-surface-area microporous carbon materials by CO2 physical activation

Tsai, Wen‐Tien; Jiang, Tasi-Jung; Lin, Yu-Quan

doi:10.1007/s10163-018-0791-9

Cited by 14 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The pyrolysis-activation experiments were described in previous studies [14][15][16][17][18]. In this work, about 5 g of dried SMK was fed into the physical activation system, which was performed at a heating rate of about 10 • C/min.…”

Section: Pyrolysis-activation Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Swietenia macropnylla King (SMK) belongs to the family Meliaceae, which is commonly known as mahogany. It is native to the tropical regions of America, spreading from Materials 2023, 16, 6558 2 of 11 southern Mexico to the North of Brazil [11]. In Taiwan, SMK has been extensively planted in the plain area to exploit it as available wood material for making furniture and other advanced wood products.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimization of Physical Activation Process by CO2 for Activated Carbon Preparation from Honduras Mahogany Pod Husk

Tsai,

Tsai

2023

Materials

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In this work, the Honduras Mahogany (Swietenia macropnylla King, SMK) seed husk was used as a novel biomass resource for producing activated carbon by physical activation. The texture characteristics and chemical characterization of resulting products were investigated in correlation with the process parameters. Based on the thermochemical properties of the SMK biomass, the process conditions were set to a rate of about 10 °C/min under nitrogen (N2) flow of 500 cm3/min heated to 500 °C, then switched to carbon dioxide (CO2) flow of 100 cm3/min in the specified activation conditions (i.e., temperature of 700–850 °C for holding times of 0–60 min). Our findings showed that the texture characteristics (i.e., surface area and pore volume) increased with an activation temperature increase from 700 to 800 °C for a holding time of 30 min but gradually decreased as the temperature increased thereafter. Similarly, the texture characteristics also indicated an increasing trend with the residence time extending from 0 min to 30 min but slightly decreased as the time was extended to 60 min. Therefore, the optimal activation conditions for producing SMK-based activated carbon should be set at 800 °C for a holding time of 30 min to obtain the maximal texture characteristics (i.e., BET surface area of 966 m2/g and total pore volume of 0.43 cm3/g). On the other hand, the chemical characteristics were analyzed by energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), showing oxygen complexes contained on the hydrophilic surface of the resulting activated carbon.

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Section: Pyrolysis-activation Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Physical Activation Process by CO2 for Activated Carbon Preparation from Honduras Mahogany Pod Husk

Tsai,

Tsai

2023

Materials

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“…Some authors reported that the yields and textural properties of the material improve by using acid (H 3 PO 4 ) or basic (KOH) treatments [ 13 ]. An activated carbon surface area of over 1300 m 2 /g using de-ashed CH as the raw material has been reported [ 14 ]. Activated carbon derived from CH exhibited an adsorption performance comparable to that of commercial activated carbon for the removal of Congo Red and residual drugs (diclofenac) from aqueous solutions [ 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Balance and Compositional Analysis of Biomass Outputs from Cacao Fruits

et al. 2022

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The global chocolate value chain is based exclusively on cacao beans (CBs). With few exceptions, most CBs traded worldwide are produced under a linear economy model, where only 8 to 10% of the biomass ends up in chocolate-related products. This contribution reports the mass balance and composition dynamics of cacao fruit biomass outputs throughout one full year of the crop cycle. This information is relevant because future biorefinery developments and the efficient use of cacao fruits will depend on reliable, robust, and time-dependent compositional and mass balance data. Cacao husk (CH), beans (CBs), and placenta (CP) constitute, as dry weight, 8.92 ± 0.90 wt %, 8.87 ± 0.52 wt %, and 0.57 ± 0.05 wt % of the cacao fruit, respectively, while moisture makes up most of the biomass weight (71.6 ± 2.29 wt %). CH and CP are solid lignocellulosic outputs. Interestingly, the highest cellulose and lignin contents in CH coincide with cacao’s primary harvest season (October to January). CB contains carbohydrates, fats, protein, ash, and phenolic compounds. The total polyphenol content in CBs is time-dependent, reaching maxima values during the harvest seasons. In addition, the fruit contains 4.13 ± 0.80 wt % of CME, a sugar- and nutrient-rich liquid output, with an average of 20 wt % of simple sugars (glucose, fructose, and sucrose), in addition to minerals (mainly K and Ca) and proteins. The total carbohydrate content in CME changes dramatically throughout the year, with a minimum of 10 wt % from August to January and a maximum of 29 wt % in March.

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Hydrophilicity enhancement of low-temperature lignocellulosic biochar modified by physical–chemical techniques

Usevičiūtė

Baltrėnaitė-Gedienė

Baltrėnas

2021

J Mater Cycles Waste Manag

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Conversion of de-ashed cocoa pod husk into high-surface-area microporous carbon materials by CO2 physical activation

Cited by 14 publications

References 30 publications

Optimization of Physical Activation Process by CO2 for Activated Carbon Preparation from Honduras Mahogany Pod Husk

Optimization of Physical Activation Process by CO2 for Activated Carbon Preparation from Honduras Mahogany Pod Husk

Mass Balance and Compositional Analysis of Biomass Outputs from Cacao Fruits

Hydrophilicity enhancement of low-temperature lignocellulosic biochar modified by physical–chemical techniques

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