Conversion of PP, HDPE and LDPE Plastics into Liquid Fuels and Chemical Precursors by Thermal Cracking

Lamar, Yuliana Rodriguez; Noboa, José; Miranda, Andrés S. Torres; Streitwieser, Daniela Almeida

doi:10.1007/s10924-021-02150-1

Cited by 19 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…In the literature, there is little information on the composition of the feedstock in order to obtain a liquid product with the best possible properties, allowing them to be used for the composition of motor fuels. In a study [33], it was found that thermal cracking of polypropylene gives a higher yield of light products corresponding to petrol, while polyethylene gives heavier fractions similar to those found in diesel. Studies, carried out by the authors of this article, indicate that polyolefins themselves do not provide a good enough product for fuel applications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Hydrocarbon Fractions from Thermolysis of Waste Plastics as Components of Engine Fuels

Matuszewska

Hańderek²,

Paczuski

et al. 2021

Energies

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Plastics are one of the basic construction materials with a wide range of various applications. One of their disadvantages is the problem of managing the waste they generate. Chemical recycling offers the possibility of liquefying polymeric waste and using it as fuel components. Existing technologies giving good quality products are expensive. The HT technology developed and described by the authors is cheaper and enables a high quality product to be obtained. The authors have shown that the quality of the received fuel components is influenced not only by the polymer waste processing technology, but also by the feedstock composition. The presented thermolysis technology not only enables more advanced recycling, but also gives the possibility of partial improvement of the product quality. A product with the best physico-chemical properties was obtained from a blend of PE:PP:PS used in the ratio 60:30:10. It was proved that diesel and petrol blends composed of a 5% v/v share of petrol and diesel fractions, obtained from thermolysis of plastics, meet the normative requirements of fuel quality standards.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Hydrocarbon Fractions from Thermolysis of Waste Plastics as Components of Engine Fuels

Matuszewska

Hańderek²,

Paczuski

et al. 2021

Energies

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“…Since we are interested in producing liquid fuels, the main reactions are H‐abstraction, β‐scission, polymerization, and chain fission. [ 20 ] As represented by (*) in Figure 1, many free radicals collide with the plastic molecules. These collisions and involved reactions expedite the decomposition of the plastic molecules.…”

Section: Analysis Of Species Using Predicted Rate Constantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical sensitivity analysis of temperature‐dependent reaction rate constants for optimized thermal conversion of high‐density plastic waste into combustible fuels

et al. 2023

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The use of experimental rate constants for producing a high yield of liquid fuels from the pyrolysis of plastic waste is not widely accepted owing to a lack of compatibility between the different kinetic rate constants responsible for successful conversion reactions. In R software, the Arrhenius law can forecast the ideal combination of reaction rate constants and frequency factors and then perform sensitivity analysis on individual rate constants to estimate the selectivity and quantity of primary pyrolysis products. Sensitivity analysis is a way of determining the effectiveness of individual rate constants in the reaction. This research element is currently lacking in the literature for the cost‐effective valorization of plastics into combustible fuels. We are the first to use R software to perform sensitivity analysis on specific rate constants by reducing or raising their initial values to a point where maximum oil yield is attainable in the temperature range of 340–370°C. The primary focus was to save time and cost of extracting empirical rate constants from experiments to produce commercial‐scale pyrolytic oil. The H‐abstraction, chain fission, polymerization, and scission reactions were chosen due to the high availability of free radicals for maximum oil production. The oil recovery rate improved drastically to 90% at the end of processing time, while the number of by‐products gradually decreased. The k8 rate constant driven reaction is the best‐suited condition for industrial‐scale pyrolysis of high‐density plastics into liquid fuels, with 74% improvement in oil production and 14% improvement in light wax during sensitivity analysis.

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“…For example, the end-of-life recycling rate of PE plastic wastes in the United States is only around 9% . The main reason for this low percentage is the limited use of HDPE recycled plastic since it cannot be used in its original applications. − Therefore, novel approaches that can generate high-value products are desired to spur interest in the reuse of HDPE waste.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO₂ and HDPE Upcycling: A Plasma Catalysis Alternative

Gorky,

Nambo,

Kessler

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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This work describes the use of CO2 plasma as an active directing agent toward high-density polyethylene (HDPE) decomposition to synthetic fuels. We present for the first time the possibility of taking advantage of the electric field when using perovskites, a material responsive to such types of electrical inducement. Perovskites are observed to provide control of the reactive species by increasing the adsorption of the plasma-polarized CO2 due to their polar crystallographic unit cell that can generate an electric polarization modulated by the external electric field. Moreover, the plasma exposure charges the perovskite surface, and the accumulation of electrons promotes the generation of oxygen vacancies and thus a high conversion of CO2. The perovskite then leads to an improved intensity of the plasma-generated species prone to initiating HDPE decomposition such as O atoms and CO. This plasma-generated initiator directs random scissions, resulting in condensates that have the potential to be used as synthetic fuels as our product stream contains C5–C11 hydrocarbons similar to naphtha, which can be blended into gasoline; C9–C20 hydrocarbons with higher cetane numbers, similar to diesel; and C20+ waxes, which can also be converted into alternative fuel diesel through hydrocracking. We expect this work to initiate the development of tailored materials responsive to electric fields for important sustainable applications, where CO2 might play an important role.

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Conversion of PP, HDPE and LDPE Plastics into Liquid Fuels and Chemical Precursors by Thermal Cracking

Cited by 19 publications

References 37 publications

Hydrocarbon Fractions from Thermolysis of Waste Plastics as Components of Engine Fuels

Hydrocarbon Fractions from Thermolysis of Waste Plastics as Components of Engine Fuels

Numerical sensitivity analysis of temperature‐dependent reaction rate constants for optimized thermal conversion of high‐density plastic waste into combustible fuels

CO₂ and HDPE Upcycling: A Plasma Catalysis Alternative

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Conversion of PP, HDPE and LDPE Plastics into Liquid Fuels and Chemical Precursors by Thermal Cracking

Cited by 19 publications

References 37 publications

Hydrocarbon Fractions from Thermolysis of Waste Plastics as Components of Engine Fuels

Hydrocarbon Fractions from Thermolysis of Waste Plastics as Components of Engine Fuels

Numerical sensitivity analysis of temperature‐dependent reaction rate constants for optimized thermal conversion of high‐density plastic waste into combustible fuels

CO2 and HDPE Upcycling: A Plasma Catalysis Alternative

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Product

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CO₂ and HDPE Upcycling: A Plasma Catalysis Alternative