Conversion of Some Siloxane Polymers to Silicon Oxide by UV/Ozone Photochemical Processes

Ouyang, Meng; Chen, Yuan; Muisener, R. J.; Boulares, and A.; Koberstein, Jeffrey T.

doi:10.1021/cm990770d

Cited by 267 publications

(264 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The estimated skin thickness is Ϸ5 times larger than the thickness of the skin reported on PDMS samples subject to UV/ozone treatment, whereas the stiffness is comparable (10,11,15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 64%

“…The mismatch strain between the stiff skin and its substrate give rise to skin buckling and the formation of the wrinkle patterns (5)(6)(7)(8)(9). FIB exposure differs from UV/ozone treatment of PDMS in that the latter produces a stiff skin by increasing cross-links with relatively little strain mismatch (10,11). The morphology of the wrinkle patterns on the surface areas of PDMS is mainly a function of ion fluence as shown in Figs.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Wrinkled hard skins on polymers created by focused ion beam

Moon

Lee

Sun

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

206

185

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A stiff skin forms on surface areas of a flat polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) upon exposure to focused ion beam (FIB) leading to ordered surface wrinkles. By controlling the FIB fluence and area of exposure of the PDMS, one can create a variety of patterns in the wavelengths in the micrometer to submicrometer range, from simple one-dimensional wrinkles to peculiar and complex hierarchical nested wrinkles. Examination of the chemical composition of the exposed PDMS reveals that the stiff skin resembles amorphous silica. Moreover, upon formation, the stiff skin tends to expand in the direction perpendicular to the direction of ion beam irradiation. The consequent mismatch strain between the stiff skin and the PDMS substrate buckles the skin, forming the wrinkle patterns. The induced strains in the stiff skin are estimated by measuring the surface length in the buckled state. Estimates of the thickness and stiffness of the stiffened surface layer are estimated by using the theory for buckled films on compliant substrates. The method provides an effective and inexpensive technique to create wrinkled hard skin patterns on surfaces of polymers for various applications.focused ion beam surface modification ͉ polydimethylsiloxane ͉ surface wrinkles W rinkle patterns shown in Fig. 1 are formed by exposing the surface area of a flat polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sheet (thickness Ϸ3 mm, Young modulus Ϸ2 MPa) (1) to a focused ion beam (FIB) of Ga ϩ ions as shown schematically in Fig. 1 A. This method can create wrinkle patterns of various widths and complexity by controlling the relative motion of the polymeric substrate and the FIB to scan selected areas as shown in Fig. 1 B-E. The wrinkles appear only on the areas of the PDMS exposed to FIB (see Fig. 1 B and C), due to buckling of the stiff skin formed on the areas of the PDMS exposed to FIB. FIB exposure creates a tendency for the skin to expand in the direction perpendicular to the direction of FIB irradiation if it was not constrained by the PDMS substrate, similar to the effect observed in exposing metallic surfaces to ion beam irradiation (2-4). The mismatch strain between the stiff skin and its substrate give rise to skin buckling and the formation of the wrinkle patterns (5-9). FIB exposure differs from UV/ozone treatment of PDMS in that the latter produces a stiff skin by increasing cross-links with relatively little strain mismatch (10, 11). The morphology of the wrinkle patterns on the surface areas of PDMS is mainly a function of ion fluence as shown in Figs. 1C and 2. Fig. 1D shows that the path of the wrinkle patterns can be selected by controlling the relative motion of the substrate and ion beam. In addition, one can create islands of buckled stiff skins on the PDMS by controlling the ion beam spot diameter and spacing (see Fig. 1E).Various morphologies shown in Fig. 2 A are created by a single mode FIB scanning with the beam current of 1 nA and the fluences indicated. When the PDMS substrate is exposed with a fluence on the order of 1 ϫ 10 13 ions per cm 2 , the...

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“…The estimated skin thickness is Ϸ5 times larger than the thickness of the skin reported on PDMS samples subject to UV/ozone treatment, whereas the stiffness is comparable (10,11,15).…”

mentioning

confidence: 64%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Wrinkled hard skins on polymers created by focused ion beam

Moon

Lee

Sun

et al. 2007

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

206

185

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The other side of the Ecoflex substrate was surface activated under UV light for 5 min. Laminating the electrode structures onto this surface led to strong bonding, upon contact 34 . The water-soluble tape was removed by immersing the substrate in tap water for overnight.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stretchable batteries with self-similar serpentine interconnects and integrated wireless recharging systems

et al. 2013

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An important trend in electronics involves the development of materials, mechanical designs and manufacturing strategies that enable the use of unconventional substrates, such as polymer films, metal foils, paper sheets or rubber slabs. The last possibility is particularly challenging because the systems must accommodate not only bending but also stretching. Although several approaches are available for the electronics, a persistent difficulty is in power supplies that have similar mechanical properties, to allow their co-integration with the electronics. Here we introduce a set of materials and design concepts for a rechargeable lithium ion battery technology that exploits thin, low modulus silicone elastomers as substrates, with a segmented design in the active materials, and unusual 'self-similar' interconnect structures between them. The result enables reversible levels of stretchability up to 300%, while maintaining capacity densities of B1.1 mAh cm À 2 . Stretchable wireless power transmission systems provide the means to charge these types of batteries, without direct physical contact.

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“…Efimenko and coworkers recently reported on fabrication of wrinkles by uniaxially stretching PDMS network sheets (thickness y0.5 mm) in a custom-designed stretching apparatus 43 and exposing them to ultraviolet/ozone (UVO) radiation for extended periods of time (30-60 min). 44 Previous studies established that the UVO treatment of PDMS converts the first y5 nm of the PDMS surface into a stiff skin, 45 whose…”

Section: Wrinkling In Rigid Sheets On Elastic Foundationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soft matter with hard skin: From skin wrinkles to templating and material characterization

2006

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The English-language dictionary defines wrinkles as ''small furrows, ridges, or creases on a normally smooth surface, caused by crumpling, folding, or shrinking''. In this paper we review the scientific aspects of wrinkling and the related phenomenon of buckling. Specifically, we discuss how and why wrinkles/buckles form in various materials. We also describe several examples from everyday life, which demonstrate that wrinkling or buckling is indeed a commonplace phenomenon that spans a multitude of length scales. We will emphasize that wrinkling is not always a frustrating feature (e.g., wrinkles in human skin), as it can help to assemble new structures, understand important physical phenomena, and even assist in characterizing chief material properties.

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Conversion of Some Siloxane Polymers to Silicon Oxide by UV/Ozone Photochemical Processes

Cited by 267 publications

References 25 publications

Wrinkled hard skins on polymers created by focused ion beam

Wrinkled hard skins on polymers created by focused ion beam

Stretchable batteries with self-similar serpentine interconnects and integrated wireless recharging systems

Soft matter with hard skin: From skin wrinkles to templating and material characterization

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