Conversion of vegetable oils on Pt/Al2O3/SAPO-11 to diesel and jet fuels containing aromatics

Co-Ni/HZSM-5 Catalyst for Hydrocracking of Sunan Candlenut Oil (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw) for Production of Biofuel

“…Nickel was successfully distributed on hydrotalcite, as reported by Hafshah et al When the Ni(7.56)/Hydrotalcite catalyst was used in hydrocracking of Calophyllum inophyllum oil at temperature of 350 o C and pressure of 15 bar for 2 h, the obtained hydrocarbon compounds were gas oil of 54.88 area% in the range of C 15 -C 18 . The oxygenated compounds containing carboxylic acid of 4.16 area% were found [5].…”

“…As also stated by Rabaev et al, when Pt/Al 2 O 3 /SAPO-11 catalyst was used, the formation of aromatics were affected by the presence of the polyunsaturated fatty acid in vegetable oil. The aromatics content in liquid product produced by hydroprocessing of sunflower oil and palm oil was 15.5 wt.% and 1.7 wt.%, respectively [18]. From the result, the type of catalyst and metal loading on support catalyst also affected the formation of hydrocarbon.…”

Formation of hydrocarbon compounds during the hydrocracking of non-edible vegetable oils with cobalt-nickel supported on hierarchical HZSM-5 catalyst

“…As shown in Figure 2 (b), the chromatograms of liquid product showed that peaks at retention time of 0-12 min appeared and indicated the increasing a large amount of hydrocarbon compounds. It implied that triglycerides were converted into short chain molecules by several reaction sequence [16], including interconnected reactions of triglyceride molecules and intermediates such as hydrogenolysis forming fatty acids and propane, deoxygenation of carboxylic groups in fatty acids, cyclization, dehydrogenation of cyclic ring to aromatic ring, hydrocracking of alkyl chains, and isomerization of alkyl chains [3]. The similar phenomenon can be also observed in GC-MS chromatogram of rubber seed oil and liquid product produced at temperature of 400 o C, as shown in Figure 3.…”

“…Rabaev et al [3] also stated that the formation of alkylbenzenes were determined by poly-unsaturation fatty acids in vegetable oil. As presented in Figure 4 (b), cycloparaffins with molecular weights of 210 and 238 found in liquid product for all vegetable oils showed that sites migration of unsaturation have occured.…”

“…When Pt/Al 2 O 3 /SAPO-11 catalyst is used, about 15 wt.% of aromatics are produced via hydrotreating of the poly-unsaturated soybean, sunflower and camelina oils while hydrotreating of palm or castor oils produces aromatics of 2 wt.%. In addition, the reaction condition and type of catalyst influence type and amount of hydrocarbon compounds [3]. The presence of hydrocarbon compound will determine biofuel properties so that it is important to understand dan control these reactions during hydrocracking.…”