Converting Waste Polystyrene into Adsorbent: Potential Use in the Removal of Lead and Cadmium Ions from Aqueous Solution

Removal of Zn 2+ and Pb 2+ ions from aqueous solution using sulphonated waste polystyrene

“…The degree of sulphonation of the polymer was evaluated by titration. SWPS (0.3 g) was dissolved in about 30 mL of a toluene/methanol (9:1, v/v) [9]. A solution 0.02 M NaOH in methanol was used to titrate the polymer solution with phenolphthalein as indicator.…”

“…However, in most countries there is a restriction on the use of recycled polystyrene in food applications [5]. This work therefore, focuses on converting EPS and HIPS to an ion exchange resin (SWPS) through sulphonation [6][7][8][9]. These resins have a wide range of applications including water and wastewater treatment, remediation of contaminated soils and the purifications of industrial products through bioseparation and chromatographic applications [7].…”

Synthesis and Characterization of PSSA-Polyaniline Composite with an Enhanced Processability in Thin Films

“…The interdigitated electrodes of 20 mm diameter were placed in the Novocontrol Alpha active sample cell. The measurements were performed at ambient temperature; the frequency domain was spanned between 0.01 Hz up to 1 MHz while the applied AC voltage was set to 1 V. [20,21]. The wide absorption at 3436 cm -1 is assigned to water absorbed in the sample (sulfonic acid groups are strongly hydrophilic).…”

Polymer in Agriculture: a Review

“…Generally, the synthetic ionexchange resins are very versatile materials based on crossilnked polymers with various geometric pore structures (microporous, mesoporous, and macroporous) [59] . The most common crosslinking agents are divinylbenzene [60] and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) [61] , while many different surface functionalities are raised by using comonomers with the desired functional groups at the stage of copolymerization or by chemical transformation of the formed polymer using appropriate modifying agents. For the preparation of this kind of materials, the most common functional groups responsible of the interaction with the metal ions are styrene [62] and weakly acidic or basic functionalities: in particular a resin based on acrylic acid was employed by Kocaoba et al [63] for Cr(III) removal, acrylamide (AAm)-based hydrogel with different water absorption properties ( Figure 13) are very useful in Pb (II), Hg (II), Cd (II) and Cr (VI) removal [64,65] and amine resins for Cr (VI) [66] , Ni (II), Zn (II), Cu (II), Cd (II) and Pb (II) [67] .…”