Cooling water system design

Kim, Jin Kuk; Smith, Robin

doi:10.1016/s0009-2509(01)00091-4

Cited by 186 publications

(135 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…It may be noted that there are only two different qualities associated with internal sources. The minimum heat capacity flow rate for the cooling water from the cooling tower is 90 kW/ • C. The pinch temperature is identified to be 40 • C. These match with the results reported by Kim and Smith (2001).…”

Section: Cooling Water Allocation Examplesupporting

confidence: 87%

“…(2). Process data for this example are given in Table 9 ( Kim and Smith, 2001). In this example, there are four internal sources of cooling water and four internal demands.…”

Section: Cooling Water Allocation Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pinch analysis, which began as a thermodynamic-based approach to energy conservation (Linnhoff et al, 1982), has evolved over the years to become a powerful tool for process integration and resource optimization (Linnhoff, 1993;Shenoy, 1995;Smith, 1995). Pinch analysis has been fruitfully used in analyzing heat exchanger networks (Shenoy, 1995), utility systems (Hall et al, 1992;Shenoy et al, 1998), integration of fired heaters Bandyopadhyay, 2005, 2007), mass exchanger networks (El-Halwagi and Manousiouthakis, 1989;Fraser, 1998, 2000a,b), water networks (Wang and Smith, 1994;Prakash and Shenoy, 2005;Bandyopadhyay et al, 2006), cooling water system (Kim and Smith, 2001), hydrogen management (Alves, 1999;Hallale and Liu, 2001;Hallale et al, 2002), material reuse networks (Shelley and El-Halwagi, 2000;El-Halwagi et al, 2004;Qin et al, 2005;Kazantzi and El-Halwagi, 2005;Foo et al, 2006), distillation column (Bandyopadhyay et al, 1999(Bandyopadhyay et al, , 2003(Bandyopadhyay et al, , 2004Bandyopadhyay, 2002Bandyopadhyay, , 2007Deshmukh et al, 2005), production planning (Singhvi and Shenoy, 2002;Singhvi et al, 2004), batch processes (Foo et al, 2004(Foo et al, , 2005, renewable energy systems (Kulkarni et al, 2007;Arun et al, 2006), etc. Recently, Bandyopadhyay et al (2006) have introduced a source composite curve-based approach for simultaneously targeting distributed effluent treatment system and th...…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A rigorous targeting algorithm for resource allocation networks

Pillai

Bandyopadhyay

2007

Chemical Engineering Science

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Section: Cooling Water Allocation Examplesupporting

confidence: 87%

“…(2). Process data for this example are given in Table 9 ( Kim and Smith, 2001). In this example, there are four internal sources of cooling water and four internal demands.…”

Section: Cooling Water Allocation Examplementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A rigorous targeting algorithm for resource allocation networks

Pillai

Bandyopadhyay

2007

Chemical Engineering Science

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“…Since the cooling range of the cooling tower lies between 32°C and 42°C, the difference of these cooling streams should be adjusted. [59] . The calculated result is shown in figure 6.…”

Section: Retrofit Of Cooling Water Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cooling water operating parameter under limiting temperature condition If the cooling water from one unit could be reused in another unit, then the total flow rate will be further decreased. The minimum cooling water flow rate can be determined by pinch analysis [59] . The "temperature vs enthalpy" diagram of the system is shown in figure 7.…”

Section: Retrofit Of Cooling Water Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wastewater Minimization in a Chlor-Alkali Complex

Liao¹,

Wang²,

Yang³

2011

Waste Water - Treatment and Reutilization

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IntroductionWater network integration is one of the most efficient technologies for wastewater reduction [1] . During the past two decades, both the water pinch technology and the mathematical programming method have been frequently discussed and widely applied in the industry. The water pinch technology divides the water network integration into two steps: targeting and design. This technology was initiated by Wang and Smith [2] in 1994. They treat the water using operation as a mass transfer unit and use concentration vs mass load coordinate to obtain the minimum freshwater consumption of the whole system. Based on this coordinate system, the targets of wastewater reuse and regeneration reuse are established. The methods of Wang and Smith [2,3] have been well supplemented by many authors in recent years. The first supplement is on the model of the water using operation. It is obvious that not all the water using operations are the mass transfer type. Typical water using units like cooling tower, boiler and reactor are not this kind. Actually, these units are flow rate fixed operations. To treat operations in this category, targeting methods in different coordinates were developed. Dhole et al. [5] obtained the composite curve in concentration vs flow rate coordinate, which has been supplemented by several works [6][7][8][9] . Hallale [6] introduced a water surplus diagram and obtained the real target. El-Halwagi et al. [8] and Prakash and Shenoy [9] developed a mass load vs flow rate composite by analogy to the heat integration system. In addition, Agrawal and Shenoy [10] achieved the freshwater target in the concentration vs mass load coordinate; Bandyopadhyay et al. [11,12] calculated the wastewater target in the same coordinate. Recently, Pillai and Bandyopadhyay [13] established a simple and more effective algebraic method for wastewater targeting. The above mentioned four methods are the most efficient methods for fixed flow rate operations, and they can be extended to cases of multiple water sources [14][15][16] . The targeting concept is also applicable to process changes [11,17] and threshold problems [18] . The second supplement is on the regeneration target. The regeneration has two cases: regeneration reuse and regeneration recycle. For regeneration reuse, Wang and Smith [2] proposed that the regeneration concentration should be at the pinch concentration. Latter, Mann and Liu [19] pointed that the optimum regeneration concentration can be above the pinch. Feng et al. [20] introduced a targeting method for regeneration recycle, which has been extended to the regeneration reuse system [21] and the zero discharge system [22] . On the other hand, the regeneration problem for fixed flow rate problems are more complicated than the fixed mass load problems, because the regeneration flow rate is constrained by www.intechopen.com Waste Water -Treatment and Reutilization 406 water sources. Agrawal and Shenoy [10] adopted the method of Wang and Smith [2] to treat this problem. Bandyopadhyay et al. [23] consid...

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Process Synthesis and Integration

El‐Halwagi

Foo

2014

Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology

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Process synthesis is a key design activity which focuses on the generation of alternatives for creating new processes or retrofitting existing ones. It is closely tied to process integration which is a holistic approach to design and operation which focuses on the unity of the process . This article provides a brief overview of process synthesis and integration. The focus is on key concepts, tools, and applications. The discussion is organized over classes of problems. First, the synthesis of energy systems is discussed with emphasis on the thermal pinch analysis for the conservation of heat through the integration of process hot and cold streams. Next, the material recovery pinch diagram is presented as a basis for reducing the use of fresh resources and the discharge of waste materials through reuse and recycle. Then, the field of process network synthesis is briefly reviewed. Moving to reactive systems, the topics of reaction pathways synthesis, attainable reaction regions, and reactor network synthesis are discussed. The chapter concludes with a discussion of the simultaneous process and molecular design.

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Cooling water system design

Cited by 186 publications

References 9 publications

A rigorous targeting algorithm for resource allocation networks

A rigorous targeting algorithm for resource allocation networks

Wastewater Minimization in a Chlor-Alkali Complex

Process Synthesis and Integration

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