Cooperative Transport between NukFEG and NukH in Immunity against the Lantibiotic Nukacin ISK-1 Produced by Staphylococcus warneri ISK-1

Identification of the Nukacin KQU-131, a New Type-A(II) Lantibiotic Produced byStaphylococcus hominisKQU-131 Isolated from Thai Fermented Fish Product (Pla-ra)

“…It has been reported that three lysine residues of nukacin ISK-1 are important for interaction with the cytoplasmic membrane; in consequence, they are important for its antibacterial activity. 16,17) On the other hand, an N-terminal lysine residue of lacticin 481 (Fig. 2), which belongs to the type-A(II) lantibiotics, was not essential for its antimicrobial activity.…”

Characterization of Two Component Systems of Lactobacillus casei BL23 and their involvement in stress response

“…Other studies suggested cooperativity between NisI and NisFEG (Ra et al, 1999;Takala et al, 2004;Takala and Saris, 2006), or between the nukacin ISK-1 immunity protein NukH and NukFEG (Okuda et al, 2008). The LanI-type immunity protein NisI can be found as a membraneanchored protein and as a lipid-free form, being the later also able to bind nisin Koponen et al, 2004;Takala et al, 2004).…”

“…Several studies reported that these transporters remove lantibiotics from the cytoplasmic membrane and discharge them to the extracellular medium ( Figure 9, step 3) Stein et al, 2005;Okuda et al, 2008). It remains unclear, however, how cells prevent CAMPs from binding again to the cytoplasmic membrane.…”

“…Resistance against the cyclic AMP bacitracin in producing (selfprotection) and non-producing strains AMP resistance in non-producing strains (Gebhard, 2012); c (Mascher et al, 2006); d (Otto et al, 1998;Okuda et al, 2008); e …”

“…NukH binds nukacin ISK1 in an energyindependent manner and this complex is transported to the extracellular space by NukFEG in an energy-dependent manner ( Figure 9, step 1) (Okuda et al, 2008).…”