Coordinate Copper- and Oxygen-responsive Cyc6 andCpx1 Expression in Chlamydomonas Is Mediated by the Same Element

Quinn, Jeanette M.; Barraco, Paola; Eriksson, Mats; Merchant, Sabeeha

doi:10.1074/jbc.275.9.6080

Cited by 114 publications

(121 citation statements)

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“…The time course of response of Cpx1 and Crd1 versus Cyc6 is also different. The hypoxic response of the Cpx1 and Crd1 genes is noticeable within 30 min, but the hypoxic response of the Cyc6 gene is barely detectable even when the cells have been oxygen deficient for at least 1 h (Quinn et al, 2000a). In accordance with this, the Cpx1 response is saturated quickly (within 4 h of transfer to 0% air, 2% CO 2 , and balance N 2 ), whereas the Cyc6 response is still increasing for up to 24 h Figure 1.…”

Section: Hypoxic Induction Of Copper Deficiency Responsive Genessupporting

confidence: 62%

“…Each is activated during adaptation to copper deficiency. We noted that these three genes are also induced in copper-replete cells under oxygen-deficient or near anoxic conditions as might be experienced in their natural environment or during normal laboratory growth conditions (Moseley et al, 2000;Quinn et al, 2000a). For instance, when heterotrophic C. reinhardtii cultures are suspended by slow basal stirring (versus vigorous agitation on a shaker at 250 rpm) under normal room lighting (approximately 10-15 mol m Ϫ2 s Ϫ1 ), they can become oxygen depleted within a day as a consequence of respiratory activity (Fig.…”

Section: Hypoxic Induction Of Copper Deficiency Responsive Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1A). We established that the critical variable was oxygen (rather than CO 2 or pH; Quinn et al, 2000a), and that Cpx1 and Crd1 mRNAs also increased when the oxygen content of the culture was decreased. In all experiments, oxygen content was varied by mixing air with nitrogen.…”

Section: Hypoxic Induction Of Copper Deficiency Responsive Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Cytochrome c 6 is induced in copper-deficiency by transcriptional activation of the Cyc6 gene through copper-response elements (CuREs). C. reinhardtii also up-regulates Cpx1 (encoding coprogen oxidase, an enzyme of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis) and Crd1 (encoding a putative di-iron enzyme) during adaptation to copper deficiency (Hill and Merchant, 1995;Moseley et al, 2000;Quinn et al, 2000a). Because each copper-responsive gene is also expressed in hypoxic cells, a mechanistic and physiological connection between copper-and oxygendeficiency-induced gene expression was proposed (Moseley et al, 2000;Quinn et al, 2000a).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C. reinhardtii also up-regulates Cpx1 (encoding coprogen oxidase, an enzyme of tetrapyrrole biosynthesis) and Crd1 (encoding a putative di-iron enzyme) during adaptation to copper deficiency (Hill and Merchant, 1995;Moseley et al, 2000;Quinn et al, 2000a). Because each copper-responsive gene is also expressed in hypoxic cells, a mechanistic and physiological connection between copper-and oxygendeficiency-induced gene expression was proposed (Moseley et al, 2000;Quinn et al, 2000a). The availability of well-characterized target genes and the amenability of C. reinhardtii for molecular genetic analysis of signaling pathways indicated that oxygen deficiency-activated expression of Cyc6, Cpx1, and Crd1 might serve as another important model for hypoxic responses in photosynthetic eukaryotes, particularly in the context of chloroplast metabolism.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Oxygen Deficiency Responsive Gene Expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii through a Copper-Sensing Signal Transduction Pathway

Quinn¹

2002

Plant Physiology

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Section: Hypoxic Induction Of Copper Deficiency Responsive Genessupporting

confidence: 62%

Section: Hypoxic Induction Of Copper Deficiency Responsive Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hypoxic Induction Of Copper Deficiency Responsive Genesmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Oxygen Deficiency Responsive Gene Expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii through a Copper-Sensing Signal Transduction Pathway

Quinn¹

2002

Plant Physiology

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Copper Homeostasis: Regulation in Plants

Pilon

Tapken

2004

Encyclopedia of Inorganic and Bioinorganic Chemistry

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Copper (Cu) is essential for plant life because of its key role in photosynthetic electron transport, respiration, and perception of the plant hormone ethylene. The most abundant Cu protein in plants is plastocyanin, an electron carrier in the chloroplast thylakoid lumen that is essential for photoautotrophic growth of plants. Copper is also a cofactor of superoxide dismutase and a number of extracellular cell wall enzymes for which the biological function is not yet fully elucidated. Cellular uptake is accomplished by the CopT Cu(I) family of transporters. CopT1 and CopT2 are especially important at the root surface, whereas CopT6 is important for Cu uptake in green cells. CopT5 serves to release Cu from vacuolar stores. Members of the large ZIP family of divalent metal transporters might add capacity for uptake of Cu( II ). Members of the yellow stripe‐like ( YSL ) family are proposed to function in the transport of Cu( II ) complexed to the chelator nicotianamine, which might be important for mobilization of Cu from vegetative tissues to developing seeds. ATP ‐dependent P‐type ATPases of the HMA family transport Cu(I) out of the cytosol. Of these P‐type ATPases , HMA5 serves to allow Cu exit from the cell, which is required for tolerance to excess and for long‐distance root‐to‐shoot transport in the vasculature. Other HMA transporters deliver the Cu cofactor to the ethylene receptors in the endomembrane system ( HMA7 ) or to the chloroplasts ( HMA6 ). A fourth Cu‐transporting P‐Type ATPase ( HMA8 ) delivers Cu to plastocyanin in the thylakoid lumen. Cu‐specific metallochaperones have been identified in plants similarly to other eukaryotes. Under impending Cu deficiency, plants use three mechanisms to adjust their physiology. The cell‐surface‐localized CopT transporters are up‐regulated in response to low Cu availability in the cytosol via the conserved Cu‐responsive transcription factor SPL7 in order to up‐regulate assimilation. In addition, plants enter a Cu economy mode by the SPL7 ‐mediated up‐regulation of a set of small RNA molecules called the coppermicroRNAs because they target the messenger RNAs that encode for certain apparently dispensable Cu proteins. This mechanism should ensure that enough Cu is left for essential functions such as photosynthesis. Finally, the HMA8 transporter in the thylakoid membrane undergoes turnover, but low Cu availability stabilizes the transporter to ensure efficient delivery of Cu to plastocyanin. Together, these homeostatic mechanisms fine‐tune cellular and whole plant Cu distribution and allow plants to thrive on a broad range of Cu concentrations.

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An improved ARS2‐derived nuclear reporter enhances the efficiency and ease of genetic engineering in Chlamydomonas

Specht

Nour-Eldin

Hoang

et al. 2014

Biotechnology Journal

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The model alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii has been used to pioneer genetic engineering techniques for high-value protein and biofuel production from algae. To date, most studies of transgenic Chlamydomonas have utilized the chloroplast genome due to its ease of engineering, with a sizeable suite of reporters and well-characterized expression constructs. The advanced manipulation of algal nuclear genomes has been hampered by limited strong expression cassettes, and a lack of high-throughput reporters. We have improved upon an endogenous reporter gene - the ARS2 gene encoding an arylsulfatase enzyme - that was first cloned and characterized decades ago but has not been used extensively. The new construct, derived from ARS2 cDNA, expresses significantly higher levels of reporter protein and transforms more efficiently, allowing qualitative and quantitative screening using a rapid, inexpensive 96-well assay. The improved arylsulfatase expression cassette was used to screen a new transgene promoter from the ARG7 gene, and found that the ARG7 promoter can express the ARS2 reporter as strongly as the HSP70-RBCS2 chimeric promoter that currently ranks as the best available promoter, thus adding to the list of useful nuclear promoters. This enhanced arylsulfatase reporter construct improves the efficiency and ease of genetic engineering within the Chlamydomonas nuclear genome, with potential application to other algal strains.

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Coordinate Copper- and Oxygen-responsive Cyc6 andCpx1 Expression in Chlamydomonas Is Mediated by the Same Element

Cited by 114 publications

References 50 publications

Oxygen Deficiency Responsive Gene Expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii through a Copper-Sensing Signal Transduction Pathway

Oxygen Deficiency Responsive Gene Expression in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii through a Copper-Sensing Signal Transduction Pathway

Copper Homeostasis: Regulation in Plants

An improved ARS2‐derived nuclear reporter enhances the efficiency and ease of genetic engineering in Chlamydomonas

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