This article presents a decentralized framework of active fault tolerant control for attitude synchronization in satellite formation flying. By employing a nonlinear observer and a static approximator, the fault in both the angular velocity and orientation sensors can be diagnosed whether the sensor belongs to the satellite or its neighbors. The convergence of the observer is guaranteed by utilizing Lyapunov's direct method and Barbalat's lemma. The proposed approach is based on unknown input and requires only the angular velocity and orientation of the states in a decentralized architecture. Moreover, by designing a sensor fault tolerant controller, the tracking synchronization among the satellites' attitudes with individual set-points is guaranteed and the uniformly ultimate boundedness of the synchronization/tracking errors is provided. The simulation results are presented to illustrate the performance of the developed algorithm. K E Y W O R D S attitude synchronization tracking control, nonlinear observer, satellite formation flying, sensor fault tolerance 1 INTRODUCTION Satellite formation flying (SFF) missions have been increasingly attracted in the last two decades as a promising technology in aerospace fields. 1 Its advantages include maintenance enhancement and redundancy capability. In addition, by employing SFF a large payload in a massive satellite could be replaced with multidivided microsatellites. These payloads involve with interferometry, synthetic aperture radar missions. 2 To perform these missions, some technical requirements such as attitude synchronization should b e guaranteed. 3 A main challenge to synchronize attitude in SFF is designing a reliable control system to perform attitude maneuvers among multiple satellites. Obviously, decentralized attitude control approach is a fundamental step to enhance the decision-making ability for each agent thus improving the whole reliability system. 4 In addition, it avoids any redesign process and guarantees the system stability when new system/agent is added/subtracted. 5 Additional decentralized approaches for attitude synchronization are addressed in References 6,7. However, they utilize relative angular velocity communication among satellites to design the control signal. In order to improve the SFF reliability in attitude synchronization, fault diagnosis approaches are usually employed to detect, isolate, and identify the faults. There are plenty of fault diagnosis and tolerant control approaches for single or centralized multiagent systems in the literature. However, in a decentralized control strategy, the component Abbreviations: SFF, satellite formation flying; UUB, uniform ultimate boundedness 8340