Coordination from Heteroscorpionate Ligand Towards Pd(II) via Pd⋅⋅⋅Hδ−C(sp3) Interaction: Structural and Catalytic Studies

Abstract

The coordination ability of the heteroscorpionate ligand 2,2-bis (3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)-1-p-tolylethanol (1) towards palladium (II) dihalides was evaluated. The structures of the respective palladium complexes (2 and 3) were elucidated in solution by NMR spectroscopy, and their molecular structures were established by single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses. Both studies revealed the existence of Pd•••H δ À C(sp 3 ) anagostic interactions. The molecular structure of complexes 2 and 3 displays coordination of ligand 1 to palladium in a k 3 -NNH tridentate fashion via two nitrogen atoms and one δ-anagostic H•••Pd interaction. The metal center exhibits a square pyramidal geometry. The distances of anagostic H δ •••Pd interactions ranged from 2.566 to 2.576 Å. The δ-anagostic H•••Pd interactions in complexes 2 and 3 were also identified by Bader's quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) and non-covalent interaction (NCI) analysis. The catalytic efficiencies of complexes 2 and 3 in the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reactions were evaluated and the results showed that palladium (II) dibromide complex is the most efficient of the series. Complex 3 was also evaluated in Mizoroki-Heck cross-coupling reactions.

Magnetically modified Schiff base‐Pd complex: An efficient heterogeneous catalyst for Suzuki–Miyaura cross‐coupling and dyes degradation reaction

“…[1,18,19] For the Suzuki coupling reaction, different homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts have previously been reported. [6,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] For example, Fe 3 O 4 /SiO 2 -NH 2 /SA/Pd showed good activity for Suzuki coupling reaction in toluene as a solvent, [32] Pd/FTO catalyst for conversion of iodobenzene to biphenyl employing DMF as a solvent, [6] SBA-15 functionalized D-2PA-Pd (II) catalyst for biphenyl synthesis using DMF as a solvent, [36] Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling using PdnpnSTDP in DMF:water solvent system. [37] These reactions employ potentially hazardous or environmentally unfriendly solvents, which must be replaced by more environmentally friendly solvents.…”