“…Urease, which is widespread in microorganisms, plants, and animals, specifically catalyzes the hydrolysis of urea to produce NH 3 and CO 2 , , and has important roles in disease diagnosis, the environment, and agricultural production. , While urease in the soil and environment has been linked to the loss of agricultural nitrogen fertilizers and ammonia emissions from microorganisms. , Thus, monitoring of urease is of great importance for both bioanalysis and environmental safety. To date, the main methods commonly used for urease detection are fluorometry, colorimetry, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS), and electrochemistry. , These methods are based on a single-signal instrument output, which makes it difficult to achieve rapid and accurate in situ detection. Therefore, it is crucial to establish a portable urease assay with multiple signal outputs.…”