Copepod carcasses in the ocean. II. Near coral reefs

Genin, Amatzia; Gal, Gilad; Haury, Loren R.

doi:10.3354/meps123065

Cited by 31 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Studies in estuarine and marine systems have found that carcasses comprised 15–69% of the sampled populations, with the higher abundances of carcasses occurring in areas of hydrographic or hydrodynamic interest such as over seamounts (Haury et al. , 1995), over coral reefs (Genin, Gal & Haury, 1995), below the thermocline (Terazaki & Wada, 1988), in upwelling regions (Weikert, 1977) or along tidal fronts (Tang et al. , 2006a).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of aniline blue to distinguish live and dead crustacean zooplankton composition in freshwaters

Bickel¹,

Tang²,

Grossart

2009

Freshwater Biology

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1. Traditional zooplankton sampling methods do not account for the presence of zooplankton carcasses, which could lead to a biased understanding of the ecological role of zooplankton. 2. The aniline blue staining method for the differentiation between live and dead freshwater crustacean zooplankton was adapted for field application and the accuracy of the new protocol was tested in the laboratory. Detailed descriptions of the characteristic staining patterns of individuals are provided. The adapted staining method was subsequently applied in a field study to assess the live-dead zooplankton composition in the oligotrophic Lake Stechlin and the eutrophic Lake Dagow in Germany. 3. The modified aniline blue staining method accurately identified percentages of mixed live and dead crustacean zooplankton, making it suitable for quantifying live-dead compositions of copepods and cladocerans in freshwater samples. 4. On average 6% and 8% of the zooplankton were identified as dead in Lake Stechlin and Lake Dagow, respectively. Within each lake there were no significant spatial variations in the horizontal or vertical distribution of zooplankton carcasses. Nor did the percentage of dead zooplankton differ between day and night. 5. The aniline blue staining method provides an effective, simple and economical means for more systematic study of the occurrence and fate of crustacean zooplankton carcasses in freshwaters.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of aniline blue to distinguish live and dead crustacean zooplankton composition in freshwaters

Bickel¹,

Tang²,

Grossart

2009

Freshwater Biology

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“…Tang et al, 2006 and references therein), as well as the high abundances of copepod carcasses observed to accumulate near bottom topographic structures (Genin et al, 1995;Haury et al, 2000) and in traps placed in the upper 200 m layer Gacia et al, 2002;Pantoja et al, 2004). In addition most of these flux studies did not examine the contribution of both carcasses and faecal pellets or did not use swimmer excluding traps in order to distinguish carcasses per se (dead animals) from "swimmers" (e.g.…”

Section: Copepod Carcasses Versus Faecal Pellets Downward Exportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of copepod carcasses versus faecal pellets in the upper water column of an oligotrophic area

Frangoulis

Skliris

Lepoint

et al. 2011

Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science

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a b s t r a c t Downward flux of zooplankton faecal pellets and carcasses was studied during and after the spring bloom in an oligotrophic coastal area of the Western Mediterranean using a 'swimmer-excluding' sediment trap. Zooplankton detritus retrieved in the trap were comprised of cylindrical faecal pellets (from meso-and macrozooplankton) and copepod carcasses with a respective carbon flux of 0.05. Carbon and nitrogen flux of carcasses always exceeded that of faecal pellets, except at the beginning of the bloom due to a higher contribution of macrozooplankton faecal material. During the peak of phytoplankton biomass, total faecal flux essentially comprised of copepod faecal pellets (68e86% of the total faecal carbon), whereas before and after this period, macrozooplankton faecal material dominated (88e91% of total faecal carbon flux). Copepod faecal flux was positively correlated with phytoplankton biomass. Estimates of non-predatory biomass mortality rates (from <0.01 to 0.05 d À1) were negatively correlated with chl a with a time lag of 12 days and were lower than predatory mortality values reported in the same area. The paper discusses the relative importance of carcasses versus faecal pellet flux and of non-predatory versus predatory mortality, as well as the potential role of these zooplankton detritus in supporting the production of benthos in oligotrophic areas.

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“…The observations have been ascribed to parasites, viral infection, injuries, starvation and dynamic environmental conditions (Thor et al 2008;Bickel et al 2011;Elliot and Tang 2011b). Globally carcasses are assessed to account for on average 12-60% of the total zooplankton in the marine environments, but at the local scales the percentages can be even higher (Tang and Elliot 2014;Genin et al 1995;Terazaki and Wada 1988;Wheeler 1967). For example, a recent study from the Arctic documented that up to 94% of the Calanus spp.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Copepod carcasses as microbial hot spots for pelagic denitrification

Glud

Grossart

Larsen

et al. 2015

Limnology & Oceanography

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Copepods are exposed to a high non-predatory mortality and their decomposing carcasses act as microniches with intensified microbial activity. Sinking carcasses could thereby represent anoxic microenvironment sustaining anaerobic microbial pathways in otherwise oxic water columns. Using non-invasive O 2 imaging, we document that carcasses of Calanus finmarchicus had an anoxic interior even at fully airsaturated ambient O 2 level. The extent of anoxia gradually expanded with decreasing ambient O 2 levels. Concurrent microbial sampling showed the expression of nitrite reductase genes (nirS) in all investigated carcass samples and thereby documented the potential for microbial denitrification in carcasses. The nirS gene was occasionally expressed in live copepods, but not as consistently as in carcasses. Incubations of sinking carcasses in 15 NO 2 3 amended seawater demonstrated denitrification, of which on average 34% 6 17% (n 5 28) was sustained by nitrification. However, the activity was highly variable and was strongly dependent on the ambient O 2 levels. While denitrification was present even at air-saturation (302 lmol L 21 ), the average carcass specific activity increased several orders of magnitude to 1 nmol d 21 at 20% air-saturation (55 lmol O 2 L 21 ) at an ambient temperature of 78C. Sinking carcasses of C. finmarchicus therefore represent hotspots of pelagic denitrification, but the quantitative importance as a sink for bioavailable nitrogen is strongly dependent on the ambient O 2 level.

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Copepod carcasses in the ocean. II. Near coral reefs

Cited by 31 publications

References 30 publications

Use of aniline blue to distinguish live and dead crustacean zooplankton composition in freshwaters

Use of aniline blue to distinguish live and dead crustacean zooplankton composition in freshwaters

Importance of copepod carcasses versus faecal pellets in the upper water column of an oligotrophic area

Copepod carcasses as microbial hot spots for pelagic denitrification

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