Coping in Outdoor Recreation: Causes and Consequences of Crowding and Conflict Among Community Residents

Manning, Robert E.; Valliere, William

doi:10.1080/00222216.2001.11949952

Cited by 137 publications

(114 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…Despite the differences in recreation use intensities and visitor activities between urban, suburban and backcountry settings, similar results regarding the proportion of copers among recreation area visitors and types of coping behaviors were gained [16,[30][31][32][33][34][35][36]. Thus, use density may be an incomplete explanation for the proportion of visitors with coping behaviors in response to crowding and types of coping behaviors employed.…”

Section: Coping Behaviors In Response To Crowdingmentioning

confidence: 55%

“…Inter-area displacement can increase traffic, traffic noise and air pollution, impact the economic situation of on-site recreational facilities such as restaurants, and lead to more crowded conditions in other green spaces. Visitors who displace within the area shift their activity to previously low-use times and places, reducing opportunities for low-use recreation experiences during these periods [32]. Therefore, crowding perceptions and the resulting coping behaviors may be prominent issues in sustainable urban recreation management.…”

Section: Use Displacement In Response To Crowdingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Outdoor recreation researchers [31][32][33][34][35][36][37] have focused on use displacement as one potential explanation for the consistently low relationship between visitor satisfaction and concurrent reports of crowding [10,26,32,34]. They found that coping behaviors can successfully lessen the impact of too many people and facilitate visits with a satisfying recreation experience.…”

Section: Use Displacement In Response To Crowdingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, researchers have observed spatial, temporal and activity displacement [10,32]: Spatial displacement occurs when green space visitors shift their use to other locations within the same area (intra-spatial) or move away from the originally chosen area to others (inter-spatial). Temporal displacement takes place when visitors change the time of their visits.…”

Section: Use Displacement In Response To Crowdingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inter-area displacement represents a rather extreme visitor response [32] and was employed by 14% of the copers. This behavior can increase traffic, traffic noise and air pollution when visitors rely on their car to access other, less used but more distant green spaces and lead to more crowded conditions in these green spaces, if alternatives exist.…”

Section: Coping Behaviors In Response To Crowdingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urban Densification and Recreational Quality of Public Urban Green Spaces—A Viennese Case Study

Arnberger

2012

Sustainability

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Public urban green spaces play an important role in urban sustainability. These places should provide high-quality recreation experiences for the urban residents. However, they are often overused. The Wienerberg area in the south of Vienna, Austria, was transformed from a waste disposal site into a natural recreation area. During the past years, intensive settlement densification processes have taken place, resulting in a doubling of the local population living within a few minutes walking distance. An on-site survey among green space visitors (N = 231) revealed that the majority of them considered the area to be overcrowded on Sundays/holidays and reported a perceived increase in visitor numbers during the past years. Visitors with more past experience, as well as those who have perceived an increase in visitor numbers during recent years, reported higher crowding perceptions. A significant proportion of them try to avoid these crowds, relying on behavioral coping strategies, such as inter-area displacement. While urban regeneration has provided an attractive recreation area, urban densification around the green space appears to have reduced its recreational quality. Monitoring recreation quality indicators, such as crowding perceptions, seems to be useful for sustainable urban green space management and city planning.

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Section: Coping Behaviors In Response To Crowdingmentioning

confidence: 55%

Section: Use Displacement In Response To Crowdingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Use Displacement In Response To Crowdingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Use Displacement In Response To Crowdingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Coping Behaviors In Response To Crowdingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Urban Densification and Recreational Quality of Public Urban Green Spaces—A Viennese Case Study

Arnberger

2012

Sustainability

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Consumer reactions to crowded retail settings: Cross‐cultural differences between North America and the Middle East

Pons

Laroche²,

Mourali

2006

Psychology and Marketing

103

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Most of the research dealing with consumer-consumer interactions emphasizes the negative consequences of sharing the service experience with other consumers. Crowding, in particular, represents one of the important environmental factors affecting consumers' retail experience. However, recent studies in the context of hedonic services (e.g., amusement parks, concerts, etc.) have mentioned that crowds may potentially enhance consumers' service experience. The present study aims at demonstrating the presence of these positive consumer responses in a crowded hedonic situation, while investigating the influence of cultural differences in crowd-related issues. With the use of consumers from different cultures (North America and the Middle East), reactions to similarly crowded situations in a hedonic situation are compared. Results suggest that Middle Eastern respondents perceive both a lower level of density and appreciate crowded situations more than their North American counterparts. Potential explanations are discussed.

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Where wilderness is found: Evidence from 70,000 trip reports

Derrien,

Winder,

Wood

et al. 2023

People and Nature

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Outdoor recreation is an essential way many people engage with nature. The provision of public spaces for recreation intersects with conservation practices motivated by intertwined social and ecological values, such as strict practices associated with the concept of ‘wilderness’. Debates persist about how such concepts and management practices influence people's recreation experiences. Many US public land management agencies facilitate opportunities for outdoor recreation, relying on management frameworks and tools intended to foster specific experiential qualities. But these frameworks and tools assume simplistic relationships between settings and people's experiences, and managers rarely assess these relationships. This study uses a data set of nearly 70,000 crowdsourced trip reports from a hiking website to understand the qualities of visitors' experiences on trails. We study the geographic distribution of experiential qualities commonly associated with US wilderness areas: aesthetics, awe, challenge, pristineness, quietness, solitude and timelessness. Using analytical methods that rely on machine learning and natural language processing, we identify these experiential qualities in trip reports from hundreds of routes, and use generalized linear models to analyse relationships between the frequency of each experiential quality and the route's administrative, built, biophysical, geographic and social settings. We find that four of the seven experiential qualities (aesthetics, awe, challenge and solitude) are commonly described in trip reports, each appearing in 15%–55% of manually coded reports. The extent to which setting characteristics explained variability in experiences differed, ranging from 34% of the variability in the proportion of trip reports describing aesthetics to 55% for awe. The setting characteristics associated with each experiential quality also differed, with characteristics such as trail mileage and summit destinations having stronger influences on experiential qualities than characteristics such as wilderness designation. Synthesis and applications. Our findings suggest the need to consider more diverse variables in experience–setting relationships, develop more robust models to characterize those relationships and create new data sources to represent understudied variables. These advances would help empirically inform and improve frameworks and tools used for recreation and wilderness planning and monitoring, and potentially promote more responsive management to evolving social–ecological values. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

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Coping in Outdoor Recreation: Causes and Consequences of Crowding and Conflict Among Community Residents

Cited by 137 publications

References 21 publications

Urban Densification and Recreational Quality of Public Urban Green Spaces—A Viennese Case Study

Urban Densification and Recreational Quality of Public Urban Green Spaces—A Viennese Case Study

Consumer reactions to crowded retail settings: Cross‐cultural differences between North America and the Middle East

Where wilderness is found: Evidence from 70,000 trip reports

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