“…This structure has one less factor than the generally accepted, though often debated, five-factor structure of the CSQ (Dozois, Dobson, Wong, Hughes, & Long, 1996; Harland & Georgieff, 2003; Hastie, Riley, & Fillingham, 2004; Robinson et al, 1997; Swartzman et al, 1994; Tuttle, Shutty, & DeGood, 1991). The missing factor, Praying and Hoping, is postulated to be absent in the U.K. validation of the tool secondary to sociocultural and religious differences between the American and U.K. populations sampled when developing the different versions (Harland, 2009).…”