Copolymerization of glycolic, d,l-lactic and d,l-2-hydroxybutyric acid mixtures present in kraft black liquors

Novel chromatographic process for the recovery and purification of hydroxy acids from alkaline spent pulping liquors

“…Thus, HAs can undergo reactions typical of both carboxylic acids and alcohols (McMurry, 2008). Potential applications of HAs include fine chemicals (Dusselier et al, 2013;Werpy and Petersen, 2004), biodegradable polymers and plastics (IEA, 2011;Mehtiö et al, 2012;Wang and Huang, 2008), tissue engineering (Barralet et al, 2005), cosmetics (Draelos, 2000;Kessler et al, 2008), and metal chelating agents (Ekberg et al, 2004;Shaw et al, 2012;Svensson et al, 2007;Vercammen et al, 1999).…”

Separation phenomena in UF and NF in the recovery of organic acids from kraft black liquor

“…The dry solids content of kraft black liquors is typically 12-18%, of which approximately 10% is hydroxy acids. This means that globally the kraft pulp mills produce annually about 30 million tons of hydroxy acids [2], which could be used, for instance, in production of biodegradable polymers and plastics [3,4], cosmetics [5] and heavy metal chelating agents [6].…”

A process combination of ion exchange and electrodialysis for the recovery and purification of hydroxy acids from secondary sources

“…Alkaline spent pulping liquors (black liquors, BLs), are formed during the chemical pulping of lignocellulosic materials. These contain hydroxy carboxylic acids (HAs), valuable platform chemicals that can be used for the production of fine chemicals [1][2][3], biodegradable polymers, and plastics [3][4][5][6], in tissue engineering [7], cosmetics [3,8,9], and the food industry [3], and as metal chelating agents [10][11][12][13]. Annually approximately 200 Mt (dry solids) of BLs are produced worldwide [14,15].…”