Copolymerization of vegetable oils and bio-based monomers with elemental sulfur: A new promising route for bio-based polymers

Opportunities for the Use of Brazilian Biomass to Produce Renewable Chemicals and Materials

“…In addition, it is an excellent renewable chemical used in the polymer research field. Limonene has two alkenes in its structure that can react (via a vulcanisation process) with sulfur at 185 °C, or with mercapto groups under UV light, to synthesise polymers [226,227] . The alkenes can also be converted into epoxides and thereafter reacted with anhydrides to form polyesters.…”

“…Limonene has two alkenes in its structure that can react (via a vulcanisation process) with sulfur at 185°C, or with mercapto groups under UV light, to synthesise polymers. [226,227] The alkenes can also be converted into epoxides and thereafter reacted with anhydrides to form polyesters. Furthermore, limonene oxide can also react with carbon dioxide to obtain five-membered cyclic carbonates, which are widely used in polyurethane production.…”

Density-Adjustable Bio-Based Polysulfide Composite Prepared by Inverse Vulcanization and Bio-Based Fillers

“…Vinylic monomers are mainly derived from non-renewable petroleum resources. Therefore, the development of bio-based renewable monomers is very important in practice [ 41 ]. Bio-based polysulfides are desirable new chemical materials that not only help solve environmental pollution problems, but also achieve a sustainable future.…”

“…There is a growing demand to develop inexpensive bio-based polymers to replace conventional petroleum-based polymers [ 41 ]. Recently, researchers began to use vegetable oils as vinylic monomers to develop bio-based polysulfides [ 32 , 36 , 43 , 44 , 45 ].…”

“…The reaction mechanism of vegetable oil with sulfur to prepare polysulfide is as follows. The C=C double bonds present in the triglyceride of vegetable oil break to react with ring-opened sulfur leading the formation of cross-linked polysulfide at a certain temperature [ 41 ].…”